大股东掠夺:公司治理新焦点

传统委托代理理论以股权分散的美、英等国公司为主要研究对象,因此,其研究的焦点是经理层与股东之间的关系,而很少研究大股东与中小股东之间的关系。然而,大量证据表明,各国公司股权结构的普遍特征已是高度集中或相对集中,而不再是传统理论视角下的股权分散。股权集中时,大股东的角色由“援助之手”偏向“攫取之手”。越来越严重的大股东掠夺行为也成为各国公司治理中最尖锐的问题之一。这种变化需要新的公司治理分析视角和分析框架。在吸收大量文献成果的基础上,本文对大股东掠夺行为的产生背景、产生原因、常见手段及防范措施进行了详细分析。     

大连椒金山隧道改造工程施工对策研究

以大连椒金山隧道改造工程为建设背景,阐述了近距离隧道施工中新建隧道对既有隧道结构的影响,并提出了针对小净距隧道在设计和施工采取的必要措施,使新建隧道结构安全可靠又经济可行。     

Tunneling, overlapping owner and investor protection： Evidence from merger and acquisition in Asia

Tunneling is to describe transfer resource out of the firm for benefit of their controlling shareholders. Better legal protection and stronger social norms improve minority shareholders＇ protection from expropriation. They consequently reduce the private benefits of controlling shareholders （La Porta, 1999）. This study aims to investigate tunneling in the context merger and acquisition （M＆A） and to examine whether tunneling occurs only in emerging markets with poor law enforcement or whether it also occurs in developed countries. This study documents that managers are more likely to overpay target in merger and acquisition with high overlapped owner which have stakes in bidder and target firm. That overpayment, a transfer of wealth from owners of bidder＇s firm to overlapping owners, is a type of tunneling. This study concludes that tunneling occurs in nations not only with low investor protection, but also with high investor protection.     

金融发展、银行债务与大股东隧道行为

本文选取我国沪深两市A股上市公司2005—2009年的数据为样本,实证分析了金融发展、银行债务与大股东隧道行为之间的关系。研究结果表明:银行债务对国有企业中的大股东隧道行为没有发挥治理作用;而在非国有企业中,银行债务有效治理了大股东隧道行为;进一步研究表明,上市公司所处地区的金融市场发展程度越高,银行债务对大股东隧道行为的治理作用越有效,并且这一治理作用在国有企业中更为显著。     

Why Greater Cash Holdings and Short-Term Debt Simultaneously Persist? The Case of Transition Economy

This study observes and explores a puzzle in Chinese firms whereby both cash holdings and short-term debt simultaneously account for more than 20% of total assets for at least two consecutive years over the sample period. This phenomenon conflicts with the principle of corporate value maximization, and is not clearly explained by the classical theories in corporate finance. Based on the implications in the extant literature and discussions of institutional constraints of the transition economy in China, this paper develops four hypotheses that are involved with agency conflicts between the largest shareholders and creditors and the formation of this puzzling financial structure. The empirical analyses suggest that the largest shareholders with tunneling motives seek to hold more cash to serve their private interests and/or the consequent operational deficit of the listed corporations. To the ends, these corporations tend to manage the timing of short term debt financing to increase cash reserves temporarily at the end of year. Essentially, greater cash holdings on the balance sheet of these corporations related with the puzzle become a misleading signal for potential creditors, possibly contributing to the refinancing of short-term debt of these listed firms for the following year. Hence, the puzzling financial structure is connected with the timing of debt financing and adverse selection of creditors. This study enriches the stream of literature on cash holdings and debt maturity, and provides new evidence on the impact of agency problems of the largest shareholders on the association between cash holdings and debt maturity in the context of a transition economy.     

大股东资金占用、外部审计与公司治理

本文实证检验独立审计能否对大股东资金占用起到抑制作用。鉴于大股东资金占用与审计师选择之间的相互影响,本文采用联系方程模型对内生性予以控制。本文研究发现,高质量审计能够显著抑制上市公司大股东资金占用。但是,大股东资金占用越严重的公司,并不一定会选择高质量审计,表明中国资本市场目前尚缺乏对高质量审计的需求。     

控股股东侵害上市公司利益与审计监督关系的实证分析

在研究中,通过建立回归模型,分析了控股股东侵害行为对注册会计师形成审计意见的影响,并对注册会计师的审计意见对未来公司控股股东占用资金行为的制衡作用进行了验证。     

股权分置下我国上市公司并购的逆向选择问题实证研究

基于对我国上市公司掏空行为和支持行为的分析,本文提出中国上市公司在股权分置下并购行为的逆向选择问题和长期均衡问题。文章通过对股票市场近10年的走势分析以及通过对2002～2003两年间180起并购事件的并购行为的实证研究,得到股权分置下掏空行为逆向选择问题和长期均衡特征:股市长期低迷,在低迷的股市中绝大部分上市公司更倾向于掏空行为。文章同时指出,我国的一股独大和股权分置的制度安排是这种逆向选择问题和社会福利低水平上长期均衡的重要影响因素。     

公司治理前沿研究综述——大股东控制、隧道行为、隐性收益与投资者保护

本文回顾了公司治理领域关于大股东控制问题的最新研究成果,主要包括大股东控制存在的普遍性、大股东控制权与现金流权的分离模式、大股东控制的激励效应和隧道效应,以及投资者保护问题等。梳理了该领域的研究脉络,并对主要发现和结论进行了总结和评论。文献研究表明,股权集中的内在机制在于大股东有动力和机会增加所有股东都可以获得的共享收益,而且大股东可以通过消耗公司资源来获得小股东无法分享的控制权隐性收益,并导致企业价值的下降。高效的投资者保护机制能够在一定程度上抑制大股东侵害小股东利益的隧道行为,提升企业价值。     

公司治理、大股东资金占用与盈余质量

论文从大股东资金占用行为的影响因素与行为后果两个角度出发,研究公司治理机制与大股东资金占用行为的关系以及大股东资金占用行为与盈余质量的相关关系。研究结果发现：第一大股东控制程度越高,其占用上市公司资金的可能性越大并且这种现象在国有控股上市公司中更为严重,公司治理综合水平对大股东资金占用程度起到了有效的抑制作用,大股东这种资金占用行为对企业盈余质量具有显著的影响。