算术平均值与n几何平均值不等式的动态规划证明

章求解了两类规划总是的极值，并据此得到一些不等式的简化证明。     

Heterogeneous treatment effects and mechanisms in information-based environmental policies: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment

Policymakers often rely on non-pecuniary, information-based programs to achieve social objectives. Using data from a water conservation information campaign implemented as a randomized controlled trial, we estimate heterogeneous household responses. Understanding such heterogeneity is important for improving the cost-effectiveness of non-pecuniary programs, extending them to other populations and probing the mechanisms through which the treatment effects arise. We find little evidence of heterogeneous responses to purely technical information or to traditional conservation messages that combine technical information and moral suasion. In contrast, norm-based messages that combine technical information, moral suasion and social comparisons exhibit strong heterogeneity: households that are wealthier, owner-occupied and use more water are more responsive. These subgroups tend to be least responsive to pecuniary incentives. We find no evidence that any subgroup increases their water use in response to the messages. By targeting the messages to subgroups known to be most responsive, program costs could be reduced by over 50% with only a 20% reduction in the treatment effect. Combining theory and data, we also shed light on the mechanisms through which the treatment effects arise, which has implications for program design and future research on the program's welfare effects.     

初探我国高校志愿服务的专业化

中国高校青年志愿者的活动始于1993年，随着社会的发展，志愿者服务在内容和形式上不断拓展，并日益向专业化方向发展。本文试从志愿者服务专业化的时代背景，高校志愿者的特点以及浙江大学城市学院的实践等方面，对高校志愿者服务的专业化进行初步的探究。     

Eating at School: How the National School Lunch Program Affects Children's Diets

This article examines the impact of participation in the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) on children's dietary intake at lunchtime and over 24 hours. Using a fixed effects model to control for selection bias, we find that NSLP participation leads to increased 24-hour intake of six vitamins and minerals—calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B12, and riboflavin—as well as dietary fiber. Participation also leads to a trade-off between children's intake of dietary fat and added sugars whereby participants have higher intakes of dietary fat than nonparticipants but lower intakes of added sugars.     

高校财务风险及其控制

随着高等教育规模的不断扩大，一些高校在资金供应不足的情况下，利用银行贷款来改善办学条件，缓解办学压力。但是，高校在利用银行贷款加快发展教育事业的同时，也带来了一些贷款风险问题，必然引发高校的财务风险。本文在分析高校财务风险的类型，阐明高校财务风险形成原因的基础上，重点针对银行贷款风险提出了高校财务风险的控制措施。     

论大学生的法律地位

近些年来出现了高校与大学生之间大量的法律诉讼案件,其实质是高校与大学生之间法律地位的冲突,是高校管理者对不同法律地位下大学生权利的侵害。本文讨论了行政法律关系下和民事法律关系下的大学生的双重法律地位及其冲突,提出了高校管理者在大学生不同的法律地位下应扮演不同的角色,以减少高校与大学生之间的法律纠纷,切实保护大学生的权利,推进我国高校依法治校进程的加快。     

产学合作对粤港澳大湾区高校双元知识产出增长的影响

利用2011-2020年粤港澳大湾区67所高校纵向数据,采用随机系数模型,考察高校双元活动效率增长趋势、产学合作对高校双元知识产出增长的影响以及制度环境的调节作用。研究结果表明：(1)随着时间推移,粤港澳大湾区高校创新研发与学术研究的双元知识产出整体呈现出显著提升趋势;(2)不同制度环境下高校双元活动产出效率的增长存在明显差异,其中,广东高校创新研发的产出效率增长高于港澳高校,港澳高校学术研究的产出效率增长则高于广东高校;(3)产学合作对粤港澳大湾区高校双元知识产出增长具有显著正向作用,良好的制度环境强化了产学合作对双元知识产出的促进作用,使得产学合作对广东高校双元知识产出的促进作用强于港澳高校。     

退耕还林后续产业开发与京郊新农村建设

北京郊区的退耕还林工程涉及7个区县,近60万山区农民,其成果能否巩固,后续产业如何发展,关系到能否促进农民增收的问题。总结了北京山区退耕还林的成效和模式,阐述了退耕还林后续产业的开发在新农村建设中的作用,分析了存在的问题,提出了有关对策。     

Cost-Effective Targeting of Land Retirement to Improve Water Quality with Endogenous Sediment Deposition Coefficients

An integrated framework that combines spatial and biophysical attributes of land with a hydrological model and an economic model is developed to identify cropland for enrollment in the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program. Sediment deposition coefficients are determined endogenously depending on the land-use decisions on other land parcels. Application of this framework to a watershed in Illinois demonstrates that highly sloping land adjacent to water bodies should be selected for retirement. A marginal value rental payment scheme can achieve program goals of 20% sediment abatement at 39% lower cost than a productivity-based rental scheme.     

高等教育成本核算问题的探讨

高等学校作为以教学科研活动为中心的事业单位,虽然不像企业那样直接从事物质资料等有形产品的生产和销售,但同样存在"投入"与"产出"的经济活动,本文通过对高校教育成本概念的界定,成本项目的设立,以及对在教育成本核算中遇到的一些特殊情况进行了初步的探讨,以期对高校建立成本核算制度,实行成本管理有所裨益.