The global agglomeration of multinational firms

The explosion of multinational activities in recent decades is rapidly transforming the global landscape of industrial production. But are the emerging clusters of multinational production the rule or the exception? What drives the offshore agglomeration of multinational firms in comparison to the agglomeration of domestic firms? Using a unique worldwide plant-level dataset that reports detailed location, ownership, and operation information for plants in over 100 countries, we construct a spatially continuous index of agglomeration and analyze the different patterns underlying the global economic geography of multinational and non-multinational firms. We present new stylized facts that suggest that the offshore clusters of multinationals are not a simple reflection of domestic industrial clusters. Agglomeration economies including technology diffusion and capital-good market externality play a more important role in the offshore agglomeration of multinationals than the agglomeration of domestic firms. These findings remain robust when we explore the process of agglomeration.     

Urban agglomeration, wages and selection: Evidence from samples of siblings

The large and significant relationship between city population and wages has been well-established in the agglomeration literature, and the influence of selection effects on this wage premium is important. This paper contributes new evidence to the understanding of this premium by using two different data sets of siblings in order to estimate the agglomeration premium while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity with a family-specific fixed effect. The inclusion of a familial fixed effect into the regression framework makes the city size wage premium insignificant, and there is a large return to a variable representing the correlation between familial ability and residence in an urban area in all of the data sets used in the analysis. The results are discussed in the context of the existing literature, and they demonstrate the importance of family background and selection effects for interpreting the agglomeration premium, which is small in the fixed effects regression.     

中原城市群地区低碳产业体系的构建

介绍低碳经济的内涵,分析中原城市群发展低碳经济客观必要性,提出了基于低碳经济的中原城市群产业体系。     

Performance differentials within geographic clusters

Increasing evidence indicates that firms benefit from a location in a geographic cluster of similar firms. The literature is nearly silent, however, on whether agglomeration economies accrue symmetrically across clustered firms. Drawing from the knowledge-based view, we investigate which firms benefit most from agglomeration and discuss how the implications for entrepreneurs are significant if some firms benefit more from geographic agglomeration than others. We investigate three particular firm attributes that may accentuate or mitigate benefits tied to participation in a cluster. We test our hypotheses on a sample of biotechnology firms and find strong evidence that firms benefit asymmetrically. Younger firms and firms with higher knowledge stocks benefit more from agglomeration.     

略论建设金融中心的一般路径

金融中心是一个完整的系统,这个系统的基本结构由"功能优势、金融集聚地和金融腹地"三者组成.金融中心是在实现某项或某些金融功能方面具有其腹地范围内它者所没有的优势的中心,功能优势是金融中心的灵魂,功能定位是建设金融中心的中心.围绕功能定位,遵循金融集聚规律,提升金融集聚地规模.同时要统筹好"中心-腹地"关系,按照优势互补、合作共赢的原则积极推动区域间金融合作,来建设金融中心.     

中国的三大都市圈：辐射范围及差异

本文从新经济地理学中的“中心一外围”理论出发,利用中国城市级面板数据,以港口城市上海、香港、天津为中心的三大都市圈为研究对象,考察了城市在都市国内的地理区位与该城市人均GDP的关系。研究发现,珠三角与长三角都市圈内的城市经济发展水平与到大港口距离间存在“一型”的三次曲线关系。在到大港口的一定距离范围内,集聚力超过离散力,距离核心城市越远,人均GDP越低,但当距离远到一定程度时,离散力就越来越强,出现人均GDP的第二个局部高点。因此,“一型”曲线的第一个谷底点以内的区域就可以作为都市圈的辐射范围,而曲线第一段地理与人均GDP的负相关系数则可以作为核心城市的相对集聚力的度量。本文的主要发现是,长三角都市圈核心城市上海的辐射范围和集聚特性要稍强于珠三角都市圈,而环渤海湾都市圈暂时仍然是多个港口城市共同起到辐射作用的城市体系。     

Agglomeration economies and location choice: Foreign direct investment in Hungary1

Since the beginning of the transition process, Hungary has attracted a significant amount of foreign direct investment (FDI), although this is unevenly distributed among the twenty Hungarian counties. This paper examines the determinants of FDI at a regional level in Hungary and more particularly assesses the importance of agglomeration effects among determinants. A panel model of the location determinants of FDI in Hungary is developed and estimated. Empirical testing suggests that counties with higher labour availability, greater industrial demand and higher manufacturing density attract more FDI. Surprisingly, higher unit labour costs attract FDI. In addition, inter‐industrial agglomeration economies and infrastructure availability are found to be important.     

论农业产业集群与西部农村城镇化

农村城镇化是提升农村经济的途径,本文试结合西部地区实际情况和农业产业集群的一些特点,说明农业产业集群有利于西部农村城镇化的实现。     

A class of spatial econometric methods in the empirical analysis of clusters of firms in the space

In this paper we aim at identifying stylized facts in order to suggest adequate models for the co-agglomeration of industries in space. We describe a class of spatial statistical methods for the empirical analysis of spatial clusters. The main innovation of the paper consists in considering clustering for bivariate (rather than univariate) distributions. This allows uncovering co-agglomeration and repulsion phenomena between the different sectors. Furthermore we present empirical evidence on the pair-wise intra-sectoral spatial distribution of patents in Italy in 1990s. We identify some distinctive joint patterns of location between different sectors and we propose some possible economic interpretations. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Workshop on Spatial Econometrics and Statistics, held in Rome 25–27 May 2006. We wish to thank the participants for the useful comments received. The comments received by two anonymous referees are also gratefully acknowledged. They improved substantially the quality of our work.     

产业集聚与城市生态效率动态关系研究

基于2004-2016年285个城市面板数据,运用静态面板、动态面板及面板门槛模型,从整体趋势、时间效应及非线性结构3个方面分析不同产业集聚模式差异与城市生态效率间的动态关系。结果显示,生产性服务业尤其是高端生产性服务的专业化及多样化集聚会在短期抑制生态效率提升,但长期促进作用显著;生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚对生态效率的改进效果相比单一产业集聚更为显著;不同产业集聚模式对生态效率的作用存在门槛效应,两者之间呈现显著倒U型关系,且存在集聚最优值;城市规模对产业集聚与城市生态效率的关系呈负向调节作用。因此,在城市生态经济规划建设中,应加大高端生产性服务业建设投入力度,关注生产性服务业与制造业融合,根据城市基础条件制定相应的产业转移战略,且不可集聚过度,注重发挥产业集聚对城市生态建设的正向促进作用。