Structuring stakeholder participation in New Zealand's water resource governance

International experience has shown that extensive, systematic and structured stakeholder engagement is important in modern water resource governance. Through two case studies in the Canterbury Region, we investigate the emergence of structured and deliberative participatory processes for decision-making in New Zealand. We particularly focus on the use of evaluative criteria and weightings in providing structure for stakeholder deliberations and clarity and transparency in decision-making processes. Some of the benefits of using criteria weightings to reflect individuals' priorities include their ability to bring out the various perspectives and preferences to start the deliberations and increase the understanding of other people's points of views and their knowledge to all of the stakeholders. We consider particular aspects of the New Zealand context, including the development of criteria specific to Maori interests. These case studies lead us to conclude that stakeholder participation in decision-making is beneficial and increasingly necessary to resolve the problems and tensions around the governance of Canterbury's water resources. They also demonstrate that there are numerous practical and systemic barriers that must be overcome if the potential is to be fully realised. We provide recommendations on how such participatory processes can be successfully implemented to produce meaningful and effective outcomes.     

基于组织结构的高校绩效预算考评体系构建

针对当前高校绩效预算管理研究中存在的考评责任主体不明确问题,论文试以高校组织结构为平台,以构建一个闭环的高校预算绩效考评体系为目标,分别从建立高校绩效预算评价体系,构建高校绩效预算考评指标,制定与考评结果相配套的促进机制三个方面对基于组织结构的高校绩效预算考评体系进行了研究.     

Performance maximization of actively managed funds

A growing literature suggests that, even in the absence of any ability to predict returns, holding options on the benchmarks or trading frequently can generate positive alpha. The ratio of alpha to its tracking error appraises a fund's performance. This paper derives the performance-maximizing strategy, which turns out to be a variant of a buy-write strategy, and the least upper bound on such performance enhancement. If common equity indices are used as benchmarks, the potential alpha generated from trading frequently can be substantial in magnitude, but it carries considerable risk. The statistical significance in estimated alpha is low, and the probability of a negative alpha is high. The performance enhancement from holding options can be significant - both economically and statistically - if the options' implied volatilities are higher than the volatilities of the benchmark returns. The performance-maximizing strategy derived in this paper is different from the strategies that switch portfolio exposure to the benchmarks. The exposure-switching strategies are not promising unless the switching is based on superior information.     

广西重点企业创新发展能力评价体系构建

文章以企业创新发展能力理论为依据,分析了广西重点企业创新发展的现状及存在的问题,从创新投入、创新产出、创新活动和创新管理四方面构建广西重点企业创新发展能力评价体系,提出保证广西重点企业创新发展能力评价顺利开展的建议。     

An empirical analysis of property appraisal and mortgage redlining

The recent literature advances a hypothesis that addresses the possibility of mortgage redlining caused by a dynamic information externality in property appraisals and mortgage lending. In particular, Lang and Nakamura (1993) hypothesize that because property appraisals depend on past transactions, appraisals in neighborhoods where transactions were infrequent tend to be less precise. The greater uncertainty about house valuation in such neighborhoods can lead mortgage lenders to impose stringent requirements on borrowers. Lang and Nakamura's article, like most economic analysis of property appraisals, is theoretical. Using a sample of mortgages purchased by Fannie Mae, we present preliminary research results that cast doubt on appraisal behavioral rules such as weighted averages or backward-looking expectations on which Lang and Nakamura and other theoretical studies are based. Instead, our results refocus attention on the moral hazard issues of appraisal. We find that in more than 80 percent of the cases, the appraisal is between 0 and 5 percent above the transaction purchase price, in only 5 percent of the cases is the appraisal lower, and in 30 percent of the cases, the appraisal and transaction prices are identical. It would take a strong statistical model to generate such occurrences. Our resutls also indicate that appraisal outcomes are used as a risk factor with different weights for loans with different characteristics (loan-to-value ratios and house prices). The results suggest that more empirical investigation of appraisal practices be conducted to verify the validity of conventional wisdom embedded in theoretical studies, and we offer an econometric framework toward this end.     

高职教育教学质量监控与评价指标体系分析研究

文章通过深入分析影响教学质量全过程的“四个”重要环节，重点探讨了高职院校内部日常教育教学自然状态下的质量监控与评价，形成了一套较为行之有效的高职院校教学质量监制体．系，这对确保和提高高职教育教学质量具有重要的意义。     

公司财务预警系统研究

公司在激烈的市场竞争中由于外部原因和内部经营管理的问题，经常使公司陷入困境，当公司出现危机时，虽然可以采用资产重组等方法善后，但是会使股东和债权人的利益受到损害。本利用多元分析方法建立公司的预警系统，试图在公司刚出现危机时对公司进行预警，而不要等到危机出现时再采取措施。     

The effect of incidental affect on preference for the status quo

The authors report results from four experiments that describe the influence of incidental affect on preference for the status quo. The first and second experiments, each using different affect induction methods, demonstrated that positive affect increased and negative affect reduced the choice of the status quo alternative. The third experiment replicated the effect of incidental affect on a separate dimension of status quo bias, the preference of omission. The last experiment investigated whether preference for the status quo was affected by four specific emotions that differed along valence and certainty appraisal dimensions. Compared with affective states associated with uncertainty, affective states associated with certainty led to a greater magnitude of status quo bias. The certainty appraisals mediated the effect of specific emotions on preference for the status quo, regardless of the emotion valence. The findings extend our knowledge by showing that incidental affect can influence consumer choice through emotion-related appraisals.     

上市公司资产评估与交易定价关系研究——基于2010年上市公司数据分析

本文以2010年沪深两市上市公司资产评估与交易定价为研究对象,对沪深两市整体资产评估与交易定价情况进行描述性统计,并结合行业、交易类型、板块等因素分析评估价值和交易价格之间的关系,研究表明,上市公司资产评估价值已经成为交易定价的重要参考依据,行业、交易类型、板块因素对评估价值和交易价格之间的关系存在一定影响。     

企业知识型员工薪酬激励效用评价模型研究

针对企业知识型员工薪酬激励效用这个问题,研究提出了由6类、20项要素构成的薪酬激励效用评价模型,并进行了频率统计的实证分析.还利用SPSS17.0对相关数据进行了单因素方差分析,确定知1识型员工个人特征对薪酬激励效用的评价没有显著性影响.