Socio-ecological explanations for crowding-out effects from economic field experiments in southern Africa

Economic and psychological literature mentions three conditions under which the crowding-out effect of pro-social behaviour is likely to occur and to crowd out citizens' moral obligations to behave co-operatively. I use a framed field experiment on joint extraction from a common-pool resource (CPR) where the crowding-out effect has already been reported before in combination with the trust game carried out in farming communities of Namibia and South Africa to replicate these conditions. The research design and the cross-cultural setting enable to explicitly control for these effects. The results of the experiments support that the crowding-out effect depends on:

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The nature of the external intervention (controlling vs. supportive external intervention)

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The degree of participants self-determination (high vs. low self-determination in the group)

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A society's norms of trust and reciprocity (high vs. low trust within the society)

The results imply that outside regulations aiming to conserve natural resources risk worsening the situation when neglecting democratic legitimization as well as local community norms.     

流动性过剩成因及对策研究

流动性过剩已引起全社会的广泛关注和研究,文章从持续的经常账户和资本账户的"双顺差"、外汇储备、居民储蓄、企业、政府储蓄以及国际投机性资本等角度分析了流动性过剩形成的原因,并提出了解决问题的一些新思路。     

动态能力理论研究现状与热点的文献可视化分析

动态能力作为企业管理领域的核心理论受到学者广泛关注,但目前国内缺少对其直观可视化的概览性回顾。而且,互联网时代下企业管理环境发生了巨变,亟需对动态能力的理解进行更新。基于文献计量分析方法,应用CiteSpace软件对Web of Science（WOS）和中国知网（CNKI）中以动态能力为主题的文献进行可视化分析并形成知识图谱。结果发现,动态能力研究热度呈逐步上升趋势,美国、中国和欧洲学者是该领域的主要研究力量,动态能力扎根于经济与管理学跨学科研究,Teece、焦豪和魏江等学者为核心研究主体,但也存在发文机构和作者间合作网络较分散的问题。基于分析结果,提出继续加强中国学者在国际上的对话质量;强化学者、机构、国家间合作网络;拓展对新组织现象解释力等3个未来发展趋势。     

热钱、房地产价格波动与金融体系稳定——基于SVAR模型的实证分析

热钱、房地产价格波动、银行信贷三者之间存在着一种自我强化的互馈机制,呈顺周期运行特征,会导致金融体系的不稳定,进而影响宏观经济。通过使用SVAR模型对我国房地产市场进行实证分析,结果发现：热钱推高了房价并且加剧了房价的波动,至少可以直接解释25％左右的房价波动,若进一步考虑货币供应量导致银行信贷扩张这一间接机制,其效果将更为可观。因此,要提高房地产调控政策的有效性、稳定金融市场,就必须加强对短期资本流动的监控,合理引导我国房地产市场的发展以及加速发展我国房地产金融体系,以达到控制和分散金融风险的目的。     

Contract farming and smallholder incentives to produce high quality: experimental evidence from the Vietnamese dairy sector

In emerging markets for high‐value food products in developing countries, processing companies search for efficient ways to source raw material of high quality. One widely embraced approach is contract farming. But relatively little is known about the appropriate design of financial incentives in a small farm context. We use the example of the Vietnamese dairy sector to analyze the effectiveness of existing contracts between a processor and smallholder farmers in terms of incentivizing the production of high quality milk. A framed field experiment is conducted to evaluate the impact of two incentive instruments, a price penalty for low quality and a bonus for consistent high quality milk, on farmers’ investment in quality‐improving inputs. Statistical analysis suggests that the penalty drives farmers into higher input use, resulting in better output quality. The bonus payment generates even higher quality milk. We also find that input choice levels depend on farmers’ socio‐economic characteristics such as wealth, while individual risk preferences seem to be less important. Implications for the design of contracts with smallholders are discussed.     

Hot Money Inflows and Renminbi Revaluation Pressure

Despite a series of revaluations, which started in July 2005, hot money has been sporadically sneaking into China in anticipation of further revaluations of the renminbi. In this paper we build a monetary model to show how anticipated revaluations lead to the instability of a pegged exchange rate regime. This model assumes current account convertibility and some degree of capital control, and fundamentally sound domestic policies and economy, as is the case in China. The model demonstrates that market-oriented interest rates can act as an automatic stabilizer to ease revaluation pressures, but cannot resolve them completely because the nominal interest rate has a zero nominal bound. Therefore, the official parity is difficult to defend and the revaluation expectations can be self-fulfilling, in the absence of external intervention. The empirical results of Granger causality tests are consistent with the main findings of our theoretical model. There are a number of policy intervention measures that can extend the life of a pegged exchange rate regime.     

视觉文化场域中的广告图像消费考量

视觉文化先行者广告的发展演变轨迹与视觉文化场域的形成保持着一定的同步性。从视觉文化场域的视角考量广告图像传播,可以归纳出广告传播的在场隐含着商品消费与图像消费的双重机制,也包含着不同阶层的权力斗争。广告图像消费产生的深层动因在于媒介技术的变革与视觉体验的转向、宏观的社会变迁：消费社会的形成与驱动。     

Making new products go viral and succeed

Why are some new product introductions more viral and successful than others? This research integrates theories of interpersonal communication and consumer learning to explore this question. Analyzing a unique data set of millions of consumer word-of-mouth transmissions (eWOM) on social media regarding 345 new automobile products introduced during 2008–2015, we find that more innovative products generate more eWOM volume but surprisingly less positive sentiment. These effects vary in magnitude across eWOM channels. However, the use of rich-content communication, pre-announcement, and cobranding strengthens (weakens) the positive (negative) effect of product innovativeness on eWOM volume (sentiment). The results further indicate that eWOM sentiment is a stronger predictor of new product success than eWOM volume. Experimental results reveal more insights into how product innovativeness influences eWOM metrics in several product categories and shed light on the role of excitement and perceived risk as mechanisms underlying these effects. The research offers useful implications for firms to design effective viral marketing campaigns to enhance new product success.     

Increasing quantity without compromising quality: How managerial framing affects intrapreneurship

Individual-level opportunity recognition processes are vital to corporate entrepreneurship. However, little is known regarding how managerial communication impacts the effectiveness of idea suggestion systems in stimulating individuals' participation in intrapreneurial ideation. Integrating self-determination theory, creativity, and framing research, we theorize how different ways of inviting employees to submit proposals (opt-out/opt-in registration; provision of examples) affect the number and quality of submitted ideas. Our multi-method study (field experiment, vignette experiment, interviews) shows that (i) opt-out increases employee participation without reducing idea quality and (ii) the provision of examples enhances the usefulness of ideas but decreases novelty and the number of submissions.