加强企业R&D统计调查的对策研究

企业RD活动统计调查是我国科技统计调查工作的重要组成部分,其调查结果是我国政府科技管理决策的关键依据之一。当前,我国企业RD活动统计调查存在着企业RD活动统计调查组织协调工作不完善、企业RD活动统计调查组织形式和调查表指标设置仍存在缺陷、参与企业RD活动统计调查的科技统计人员缺乏系统性培训且队伍缺乏稳定性、企业RD活动统计调查的填报人员缺乏对科技指标的准确把握等突出问题。针对我国企业RD活动统计调查存在的突出问题和面临的新形势,文章提出了完善企业RD活动统计调查运行机制、强化科技部门和统计部门合作、改进企业RD活动统计调查方法、打造高素质科技统计人员队伍、进一步完善企业RD活动统计调查指标体系等对策建议。     

研发产业集聚与扩散——基于新经济地理学与深圳案例的分析

研发产业的空间集散与一般产业相比既有共性又有区别,对城市和区域的产业选择及定位具有特殊意义,值得关注和研究。基于新经济地理学框架和深圳案例的分析表明,规模报酬、要素成本及交易费用是研发产业集散的内在动因,中心与外围的联系互动是其与制造业及其他产业之间关系的空间形态,其产业扩散具备特殊的内部、外部路径。据此,研发业者、中心城市和周边区域可分别采取相应的产业攻略并加强发展互动。     

Olympic Games: No legacy for sports

Countries whose cities host the Summer Olympic Games increase significantly their success during the competition. We study whether such effect is lasting or not. We compute the effect of hosting on the total number of medals in the subsequent games. To confront the issue that the selection of the host city is endogenous, we use a natural counterfactual: countries whose cities also bid for the Olympics but were not selected by the International Olympic Committee. In all cases, we find that Olympic success on medals fades away immediately after hosting.     

Do the world’s largest cities follow Zipf’s and Gibrat’s laws?

We examine whether the size distribution and the growth process of the world’s largest cities follow Zipf’s law and Gibrat’s law. The parametric results of the size distribution analysis reject Zipf’s law for all sample sizes and also show the Zipf exponent systematically declines as the sample size increases. The growth process analysis confirms Gibrat’s law and yields a local Zipf exponent of one for cities with a normalized population less than 0.53%, which includes about 95% of the total observations. The deviations from Zipf’s law occur at the extreme upper tail and are likely a result of restricted mobility of population across countries. However, given that Gibrat’s law holds, we can expect the size distribution to converge to Zipf’s law with a decline in the barriers to immigration.     

Is there a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth in South America?

This article estimates agricultural productivity growth in 10 South American countries in 1969–2009 with the objective of investigating if the slowdown being measured in other countries is present in the region. Results show that productivity growth accounts for half of the three‐fold increase in agricultural output during this period and that performance is sensitive to R&D investments in the sector. The slowdown found for the 1990s to 2000s in the U.S. and some European economies does not seem to be present yet in South America. The region's total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate increased steadily from 1.07% during the 1970s to 2.29% during the 2000s. Given lags in adoption and the adaptive nature of innovations in these economies, we have yet to see the potential effects in South American agriculture of decreases in R&D in advanced economies.     

政府研发补贴方式对战略性新兴产业创新的影响机制研究

本文研究了政府研发补贴的不同发放方式对战略性新兴产业创新产生的不同影响机制。动态博弈模型分析指出,定额补贴由于不影响战略性新兴产业先行厂商的产品质量决策,所以在促进原始创新方面,它不如比率补贴有效。本文使用系统GMM方法估计了2009~2013年我国战略性新兴产业上市公司的动态面板数据,发现上市公司接受的定额研发补贴对其创新产出,即技术进步没有显著影响;这些上市公司上期的技术进步和当期研发投入会正向显著增加其创新产出。我国各级政府需要改变普遍使用的定额研发补贴方式,以比率研发补贴来代替定额研发补贴,从而提高战略性新兴产业的创新产出。     

政府R&D补助方式如何影响企业R&D投入?——来自A股医药制造业上市公司的证据

政府RD补助是否一定促进企业RD投入?针对这一问题,本文以区分政府RD补助方式作为切入点,从理论角度分析事前一次性RD补助、补贴率方式RD补助及事后奖励方式RD补助对企业RD投入的不同影响;并使用A股医药制造业上市公司2007~2013年面板数据进行实证分析。本文研究发现,只有补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助显著促进了企业RD投入,其余补助方式对企业RD不存在显著促进作用。对样本按产权特征进行分组后,我们发现对于非国有样本,补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助都显著促进RD投入;而对于国有样本,所有类型补助对公司RD投入皆无显著影响。本文的结论表明,政府应更多使用补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助;企业产权特征是政府补助时值得考虑的因素。     

资源配置、R&D投入与标杆水平——来自中国制造业的实证检验

RD资源的投入是企业实现产业升级的重要保障,但关键是RD资源投入多少合适和各企业RD投入的标杆水平如何确定。文章作者将标杆管理运用于RD的资源配置领域,通过建模、评价、及测度分析,确立了最适合企业发展的RD投资的标杆水平,从而为企业在充分利用稀缺资源时,如何达到资源效用最大化,提供了一个学习的标杆。文章以上市公司制造类企业为例,首先构建了评价RD投资标杆水平的模型,进而通过结构方程模型对之进行了测度分析,找出了各行业RD资源投入的标杆水平,最后再进一步利用特征偏离法测算出各企业RD资源投入现状距离标杆水平的差距。     

管板干燥机的优化设计

通过优化,将换热管板两侧半圆弧形的盘管改成圆管结构,组成整体换热板,换热管分别采用180°圆弯头90°圆弯头焊接成形。管板与主轴的焊接过程中,采用焊后退火热处理,防止冷裂纹,能达到良好的脱氢效果。     

The impact of auctions on residential property prices

This study assesses whether the sale method in residential real estate markets – auction versus private treaty – is a determinant of sale price. Utilising a larger and richer dataset than previous research, we test for a price effect in auction sales in Sydney and Christchurch. When self‐selection biases are corrected for, using two‐stage hedonic regression analysis and a matched sampling procedure, we find no significant difference between prices of properties sold at auction to those sold by private treaty. This conflicts with the conclusions of previous research in the Australian and New Zealand housing markets, which have documented a price premium associated with auction sales.