基于机器学习的凋亡蛋白的亚细胞位点预测

准确预测凋亡蛋白的亚细胞位点有利于理解细胞死亡的机理和其生物学功能。本文利用裂解位点的蛋白质序列信息提出了一种新的凋亡蛋白的预测算法PSSP.对三个凋亡蛋白数据集进行Jackknife验证表明我们的方法得到了令人满意的结果。     

Cervical cancer prevention in Morocco: a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis

Abstract

Objective: Cervical cancer is a huge public health issue in Morocco which represents the second most frequent and fatal cancer among women. Countries that have not yet introduced the HPV vaccine could benefit greatly, but before implementation it is necessary to perform country-specific economic assessments that include current screening practices.

Methods: A Markov model was developed to simulate the natural history of HPV and cervical cancer so as to calculate the long-term health benefits and costs of HPV vaccination and current screening by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA). Starting from a previous transition probability matrix used for a model from Spain, the present model was calibrated to cervical cancer incidence from Morocco. Cost survey data was used to estimate the cost of screening and clinical procedures from the public healthcare perspective. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated as 2018US$ per additional year of life saved (YLS) and both costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3%.

Results: The expected reduction in lifetime risk of cervical cancer for current screening would be 14% at a cost of US$551/YLS compared with no intervention, assuming VIA every 3 years in women aged 30–49 at 10% coverage. HPV vaccination of pre-adolescent girls at 70% coverage would reduce the lifetime risk of cervical cancer by 62% at a cost of US$1,150/YLS, compared with no intervention. When implementing HPV vaccination in combination with current screening, vaccination would be dominated, and the combined strategy would provide a 69% reduction at a cost of US$2,843/YLS, compared with screening alone. Current screening would be dominated by vaccination when screening coverage is higher than 15%, whereas the combined strategy rapidly exceeds US$4,000/YLS.

Conclusions: HPV vaccination could be highly effective and cost-effective in Morocco. Current screening would be good value for money compared with no intervention, but scaling-up screening coverage would make it inefficient compared with vaccination.     

顺酐国内外生产现状与发展趋势

世界顺酐工业正由苯法合成向正丁烷法合成转变，正丁烷法的生产能力已占顺酐总生产能力的80%，我国顺酐消费需求发展迅速，生产工艺仍以苯法为主，我国应立足于苯法生产，并做好向正丁烷法转变的技术准备，不断改进工艺淘汰小规模不经济顺酐装置，增强竞争能力。     

活性炭负载对甲苯磺酸催化合成三醋酸甘油酯工艺条件研究

以丙三醇、冰醋酸为原料,活性炭负载对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,催化合成三醋酸甘油酯。考察了催化剂中w(对甲苯磺酸)、催化剂用量、醇酸比、酯化时间等因素对反应的影响。发现上述因素均对三醋酸甘油酯的收率有显著影响,且都存在较优值。催化剂在该反应中有良好的催化活性。优选的反应条件是:催化剂中w(对甲苯磺酸)为36%,w(催化剂)为1.8%,n(丙三醇)∶n(冰醋酸)=1∶4,酯化时间为4 h。在此条件下,三醋酸甘油酯收率可达92%。     

An Iterative Process for International Negotiations on Acid Rain in Northern Europe Using a General Convex Formulation

This paper proposes a game theoretical approach of internationalnegotiations on transboundary pollution. This approach is distinguished bya discrete time formulation and by a suitable formulation of the localinformation assumption on cost and damage functions: at each stage of thenegotiation, the parties assign the best possible cooperative state, giventhe available information, as an objective for the next stage. It is shownthat the resulting sequences of states converges from a non-cooperativesituation to an international optimum in a finite number of stages.Furthermore, a financial transfer structure is also presented that makesthe desired sequence of states individually rational and stategically stable.The concepts are applied in a numerical simulation of the SO₂transboundary pollution problem related to acid rain in Northern Europe.     

国外间苯二酸供需动态

简述了美国，西欧和日本市场间苯二酸供需和发展。由于国内该产品系列尚属空白，因此建议加强发展间苯二酸及其衍生产品的生产和研究。     

International Cooperation Behind the Veil of Uncertainty – The Case of Transboundary Acidification

The complexities of international environmental problems are only poorly understood. Hence, decision makers have to negotiate about abatement measures even though they do not know the 'true' model of the ecological system and have only a rough idea about the costs and benefits of their action. It will be analysed to what extent this kind of 'model uncertainty' – where players do not only have incomplete information about the payoff functions of the other players, but also about their own payoff function – affects the prospects of international cooperation. Using a simple game-theoretic model, it is shown how countries can use the veil of uncertainty to hide their distributional interests. The arguments are based on a deviation from the common prior assumption, which seems particularly questionable in a setting comprising various countries with different cultural and scientific backgrounds. Finally the model will prove useful to quantitatively and qualitatively illustrate the central role of model uncertainty in the negotiations of the first Sulphur Protocol signed to combat transboundary acidification.     

肉桂酸的合成及相关产品的开发和市场

介绍了肉桂酸的合成进展情况以及以它为原料或中间体合成的一些重要化工产品,如L-苯丙氨酸、肉桂酸丁酯、医药中间体、L-天门冬氨酸等.L-天门冬氨酸是阿斯巴甜合成的重要组分.传统的P erki ni法合成肉桂酸的方法有许多缺点,改进后的方法是以六氢吡啶为缩合剂、通过苯甲醛与丙二酸的Knoevenagel缩合反应合成肉桂酸,其最佳工艺条件：苯甲醛与丙二酸物质的量比为1.0：1.2;苯甲醛、吡啶与六氢吡啶物质的量比为1.0：2.4：1.2,在95℃下回流2.0h,产率89.19%,质量分数达98.19%.     

国内外精对苯二甲酸生产发展概况

本文对国内外精对苯二甲酸生产技术现状、发展动向、以及市场供需状况作了概要叙述.     

DSD酸系列中间体下游产品的开发应用及展望

DSD酸及合成DSD酸过程中的中间过渡产物NTS酸、DNS酸和DNS酸单还原的产物ANSD酸,这四种化合物统称DSD酸系列中间体,它们是重要的有机化工原料。本文全面系统地介绍了DSD酸系列中间体下游产品的开发应用现状,它们可用于荧光增白剂、直接染料、酸性染料和活性染料的合成,本文介绍了它们的合成原理,列出了主要品种的化学结构式、C.I.索引号、CAS登记号、国内外主要商品名称,展望了发展前景。