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71.
收入分配差距与市场化改革 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈端 《福建金融管理干部学院学报》2006,(4):41-47
改革开放以来,我国收入分配差距出现不断扩大的趋势,总体贫富差距、城乡居民收入差距、地区收入差距、行业收入差距都在扩大。收入差距不断扩大的根本原因,是市场化改革的不彻底,缺乏以效率为基础的公平制度,权力市场化以及社会保障制度存在缺陷。因此,要缩小收入差距,就必须深化改革,实现真正的市场化:建立以效率为基础的公平制度;充分发挥市场机制作用,严格限制权力参与社会分配;引入竞争机制打破垄断局面;运用经济手段调整收入分配;制定和完善法律法规;完善社会保障制度。 相似文献
72.
Mortality,Human Capital and Persistent Inequality 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Available evidence suggests high intergenerational correlation of economic status and persistent disparities in health status between the rich and the poor. This paper proposes a mechanism linking the two. We introduce health capital into a two-period overlapping generations model. Private health investment improves the probability of surviving from the first period of life to the next and, along with education, enhances an individual’s labor productivity. Poorer parents are of poor health, unable to invest much in reducing mortality risk and improving their human capital. Consequently, they leave less for their progeny. Despite convex preferences and technologies, initial differences in economic and health status may perpetuate across generations when annuities markets are imperfect.Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation. Additional support was provided by the National Science Foundation. 相似文献
73.
The U.S. income tax system has long been recognized as a hybrid of an income and consumption tax system, with elements that do not fit naturally into either pure system. What it actually is has important policy implications for, among other things, understanding the impact of moving closer to a pure consumption tax regime. In this paper, we examine the nature of the U.S. income tax system by calculating the revenue and distributional implications of switching from the current system to one form of consumption tax, a modified cash flow tax. 相似文献
74.
Hisahiro Naito 《Journal of public economics》2004,88(12):2685-2710
Recently, several papers have reexamined the so-called production efficiency theorem and the Atkinson and Stiglitz theorem on commodity taxes in the optimal taxation literature. Naito [J. Public Econ. 71 (1999) 65] showed that indirect redistribution through production distortion or consumption distortion can Pareto-improve welfare and that the two theorems do not necessarily hold when different factors are imperfect substitutes and factor prices are endogenous. On the other hand, Saez J. Public Econ. (2002) forthcoming argued that in the long run, where human capital accumulation is endogenous, the two theorems are still valid. This paper develops reasonable alternative models where individuals accumulate human capital based on their comparative advantage. The present paper shows that the production efficiency theorem is not necessarily valid and that indirect redistribution from the able to the less able such as tariffs and production subsidies can increase efficiency even when skill accumulation is endogenous. 相似文献
75.
中国居民物质性消费与收入关系及其空间特征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对1993年起中国开始步入过剩经济时代进行了实证分析,给出了沿海与内地城镇及农村居民物质性消费与收入的恩格尔函数及其特征;在收入-消费关系空间特征分析的基础上,指出居民消费倾向内地高于沿海,内地城镇高于农村。最后从居民物质性消费与收入关系及空间特征角度讨论了现阶段加速中西部地区发展的必要性与合理性。 相似文献
76.
城乡居民收入差距的动态演变:1988~2002年 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
中国城乡居民收入差距已经引起广泛关注。文章以住户调查数据为基础,利用泰尔指数分解、G.Fields分解、Blinder分解、分位回归分解等多种方法讨论了1988年、1995年和2002年“城乡”因素本身对城乡居民收入差距的贡献。这些分解结果表明我国的城乡差距较显著并在不断扩大;而且城乡差距更不利于农村中的低收入人群。 相似文献
77.
房地产还原利率的构成与测算 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
从分析投资的风险补偿入手,提出了房地产还原利率的构成和测算公式,同时指出了构成房地产还原利率的银行利率应是复利计算方式下,相应年期的利率,然后探讨了房地产还原利率各构成部分的测算过程,并以中国房地产市场个人住房抵押贷款市场为例,给出了不同收益年限的房地产还原利率参考数据。 相似文献
78.
79.
基于Akerlof逆向选择模型,引入收入因素对其分析,通过说明收入因素影响消费偏好,进而改变消费者的无差异曲线,建立一个有限次交易后最终达到非零均衡的部分逆向选择的基本模型,并着重从这一侧面,即收入因素的影响,分析为什么在中国劣质品市场会长期存在。研究表明:购买偏好因收入增加而改变明显的劣质品的解决途径是增加人们的收入水平;购买偏好随收入增加改变不明显的劣质品的解决途径是增加外部干预。 相似文献
80.
Coping with Technological Change: The Role of Ability in Making Inequality so Persistent 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study provides an explanation to the evolution of wage inequality over the last 30 years and supports this explanation with evidence. A faster rate of technological progress introduces new unknown elements at the workplace. The need to cope with the unknown accentuates the role of ability and thus increases wage inequality within and between education groups. Inasmuch as education is an irreversible investment project the rise in within group inequality BOOSTS UP the rise of between group inequality. Guided by this theory we turn to the PSID for evidence. Using parents' education to approximate child's ability we show the following set of results: (a) Controlling for education of the child, parents' education contributed much more in the 1980s to his wage growth than in the 1970s. (b) The correlation between the parents' and the child's education increases from the 1970s to the 1980s. (c) The return to college education for an individual with no ability rents did not change—it remains steady at the 23 percent. (d) Facts (a)–(c) CANNOT be attributed to the impact of parent's income. It is parents' education and not parents' income that is more relevant for son's economic outcomes in the 1980s. 相似文献