自贸区背景下港口物流竞争力评价模型构建

我国正处于深化改革的关键时期,自由贸易试验区的不断发展对港口物流提出了新的要求。构建适用于评价港口物流竞争力的理论模型,对于准确评价港口物流竞争力尧夯实港口物流的持续发展具有重要意义。基于港口物流的定义,建立1 个目标层指标,4 个准则层指标和17 个指标层指标在内的港口物流竞争力评价指标体系。以期为自贸区背景下港口物流竞争力的实证研究提供理论依据。     

创新驱动发展战略下城市创新能力比较研究——以一线城市为例

以北京、上海、广州、深圳(以下简称北上广深)四个一线城市为例,利用面板数据,建立多指标创新能力综合评价指标体系,运用城市科技创新能力综合评价模型对四座城市的创新能力进行比较和评价。结果表明,四座城市整体创新能力都处于高位,而且一直保持提升态势,但具有明显的阶段性特征,增速不同,出现分化,各有优势和不足,深圳总体优势明显。据此,进一步提出四座城市在差异化发展的同时,应取长补短、相互学习,实现优势互补;采取多种举措确保企业作为创新主体的核心地位;提高产学研合作,加快科研成果转化,完善知识产权制度,建立政企研界之间协同创新的良性互动机制。     

信息传播培养理论视域下的农户亲环境行为研究——对甘肃省19个县（区）542农户的调研分析

大众传播媒介及农业信息服务网络通过环保信息传播可在潜移默化中培养农户的亲环境价值观,进而影响农户的亲环境行为。基于信息传播培养理论,整合计划行为理论和“信念—价值—规范”理论构建亲环境行为理论模型,并采用甘肃省19个县（区）542户样本农户的调研数据进行验证,结果显示：环保信息的有效传播可以潜移默化地强化农户的亲环境价值观,农户的亲环境价值观、行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制及责任归属均对其亲环境行为有显著的正向预测作用,农户经营规模和专业化水平对其亲环境行为也有显著正向影响。应提高农户生产经营的规模化和专业化程度,加强对农户亲环境价值观及主体责任认知、亲环境行为知识和技能等方面的教育和培训,并充分发挥农村干部、党员、能人等的带头示范作用,以有效促进农户亲环境行为。     

The nature and extent of service user involvement in critical care research and quality improvement: A scoping review of the literature

The importance of involving patients and the public in health care research is globally recognized, but how best to do this in critical care is unclear. The aim of this first published review was to explore the extent and nature of evidence on service user involvement in critical care research and quality improvement. Using the scoping review framework described by Arksey and O'Malley ( 2005 ), a team of service user and critical care researchers searched eleven online databases, reviewed relevant web sites, conducted forward and backward citation searching and contacted subject experts. Extracted data were subjected to a narrative synthesis based on the objectives of the review. Findings from a broad range of evidence support that involvement is becoming more commonplace and that experiences are generally positive. Data extracted from 34 publications identify that involvement is most commonly reported at the level of consultation or participation in project teams, however, the extent to which involvement impacts on projects output remains unclear. Key barriers and facilitators relate to the challenge of recruiting a diverse group of service users, dealing with power hierarchies, being adaptable and effective consideration of the resource requirements. More research is required to identify the most effective methods to support the opportunity for involvement and more thorough reporting of service user involvement practices is strongly recommended.     

Where can obesity management policy make the largest impact? Evaluating sub-populations through a microsimulation approach

Background: There is a critical need to focus limited resources on sub-groups of patients with obesity where we expect the largest return on investment. This paper identifies patient sub-groups where an investment may result in larger positive economic and health outcomes.

Methods: The baseline population with obesity was derived from a public survey database and divided into sub-populations defined by demographics and disease status. In 2016, a validated model was used to simulate the incidence of diabetes, absenteeism, and direct medical cost in five care settings. Research findings were derived from the difference in population outcomes with and without weight loss over 15 years. Modeled weight loss scenarios included initial 5% or 12% reduction in body mass index followed by a gradual weight regain. Additional simulations were conducted to show alternative outcomes from different time courses and maintenance scenarios.

Results: Univariate analyses showed that age 45–64, pre-diabetes, female, or obesity class III are independently predictive of larger savings. After considering the correlation between these factors, multivariate analyses projected young females with obesity class I as the optimal sub-group to control obesity-related medical expenditures. In contrast, the population aged 20–35 with obesity class III will yield the best health outcomes. Also, the sub-group aged 45–54 with obesity class I will produce the biggest productivity improvement. Each additional year of weight loss maintained showed increased financial benefits.

Conclusions: This paper studied the heterogeneity between many sub-populations affected by obesity and recommended different priorities for decision-makers in economic, productivity, and health realms.     

欠发达地区科技人才成长机理——基于文献综述

科技人才是欠发达地区的重要战略资源,科技人才的开发与培养是欠发达地区创新发展的重要战略措施。国内外学者一般从欠发达地区、科技人才、人才开发与培养等几个方面进行研究。通过梳理相关政策、研究文献,总结相关经验,从欠发达地区、科技人才、人才开发与培养三个理论角度进行了研究总结,并提出当前研究中存在的主要问题与未来研究方向,对于欠发达地区建立科技人才管理机制具有重要的理论价值和指导意义。     

Costs of providing infusion therapy for patients with inflammatory bowel disease in a hospital-based infusion center setting

Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (e.g. ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD]) severely impacts patient quality-of-life. Moderate-to-severe disease is often treated with biologics requiring infusion therapy, adding incremental costs beyond drug costs. This study evaluates US hospital-based infusion services costs for treatment of UC or CD patients receiving infliximab or vedolizumab therapy.

Materials and methods: A model was developed, estimating annual costs of providing monitored infusions using an activity-based costing framework approach. Multiple sources (published literature, treatment product inserts) informed base-case model input estimates.

Results: The total modeled per patient infusion therapy costs in Year 1 with infliximab and vedolizumab was $38,782 and $41,320, respectively, and Year 2+, $49,897 and $36,197, respectively. Drug acquisition cost was the largest total costs driver (90–93%), followed by costs associated with hospital-based infusion provision: labor (53–56%, non-drug costs), allocated overhead (23%, non-drug costs), non-labor (23%, non-drug costs), and laboratory (7–10%, non-drug costs).

Limitations: Limitations included reliance on published estimates, base-case cost estimates infusion drug, and supplies, not accounting for volume pricing, assumption of a small hospital infusion center, and that, given the model adopts the hospital perspective, costs to the patient were not included in infusion administration cost base-case estimates.

Conclusions: This model is an early step towards a framework to fully analyze infusion therapies’ associated costs. Given the lack of published data, it would be beneficial for hospital administrators to assess total costs and trade-offs with alternative means of providing biologic therapies. This analysis highlights the value to hospital administrators of assessing cost associated with infusion patient mix to make more informed resource allocation decisions. As the landscape for reimbursement changes, tools for evaluating the costs of infusion therapy may help hospital administrators make informed choices and weigh trade-offs associated with providing infusion services for IBD patients.     

(Finding) Pathways out of homelessness: An engaged,trans-disciplinary collaborative in the City of Tshwane

ABSTRACT

Street homelessness in the City of Tshwane was brought to public attention in the winter of 2014. This led to a composite research project involving different constituencies, including homeless people, to reflect on ways of addressing street homelessness in the city. This article serves as a conceptual and epistemological introduction to this collaborative research project entitled Pathways Out of Homelessness. The article argues for the use of a broad working definition of street homelessness that allows for complexities of homelessness to emerge, in order to discern diverse and appropriate alternatives.     

The origins of the concept of ‘foresight’ in science and technology: An insider's perspective

This article explores how the term ‘foresight’ originally came to be used in connection with science and technology by the author and SPRU colleagues in 1983. It analyses how the rationale for its use evolved over time, first providing a ‘catchy’ title for a study (‘Project Foresight’), and then a convenient shorthand for the focus of that study, before eventually coming to formally signify a new approach to looking systematically into the future of science and technology, an inclusive and wide-ranging process that differed appreciably from that of traditional ‘technology forecasting’. The paper reflects on the importance of concepts and terminology in the field of science policy research, providing examples of how an inappropriate term or phrase can damn the prospects of the research having an impact on policy, while a more politically astute use of terminology can greatly enhance the probability of making a significant impact. The paper also examines other early uses of the concept of ‘foresight’ in the United States and Canada at about the same time. In addition, it highlights the conceptual similarities between foresight and la prospective, a novel approach developed in France not just for looking into the future but also for shaping or even ‘constructing’ the future of our choice, an ambitious aspiration that it shares with foresight. This case-study on the origins and early evolution of ‘technology foresight’ illustrates the essential importance of terminology in differentiating key concepts in social sciences (where it sometimes gives rise to unfortunate priority disputes), and particularly in the case of policy research.     

林业碳汇研究进展简述

简述林业碳汇的概念及价值,从碳汇计量方法、林业碳汇项目、碳交易等方面对国内外研究现状进行介绍,对未来发展提出了个人建议。