HPKL液流转向剂安全性能测试

为了更好地控制高含水油田注采无效循环,油田迫切需要开展深部液流转向与调驱技术研究,通过注入化学剂迫使液流转向,降低油水界面张力达到驱油效果。目前常用化学剂有上百种,且大多数都是聚合物合成的高分子材料,其对环境伤害的程度各不相同。分析了HPKL转向剂急性中毒性测试、生物累积性测试实验的过程和结果,测得了HPKL的EC50值;确定了HPKL转向剂生物毒性为低毒、无生物累积,对环境损害程度小。     

我国农业上市公司非农化经营倒“U”型趋势研究

通过对40家农业上市公司主营业务资料数据的梳理,笔者首次提出了我国农业上市公司非农化经营呈倒"U"型趋势的观点,即非农化程度逐渐扩大到一定时期后开始降低并归核化。同时建立了国家与农业上市公司之间的3阶段博弈模型,对倒"U"型趋势进行理论解释。     

利益与风险偏好差异:上市公司委托理财行为及对策的经济学分析

通过对上市公司决策主体分企业和个人两个层次的分析发现由于企业的内部控制者在委托理财行为中可以获得较大收益却无需承担失败的损失,加上长期的执法不力,他们与企业存在利益与风险偏好上的差异,从而解释了那么多的上市公司对风险很大的委托理财趋之若鹜的原因.要重构上市公司委托理财行为中的"共有信念",需要加大执法力度,且实现一定约束下的法律成本在用于制定新的法规和执行已有法规之间的优化配置;此外,通过提高企业控制人的分成比例,设立企业控制人的个人保证账户也可以减少企业控制人在委托理财中的违法违规行为.     

浅谈企业并购的财务动因

并购是企业迅速崛起、提高效率、增强竞争力的成长发展战略。全球经济一体化进程的加快,使并购以更大的规模突破国界,并购企业能够迅速完成在全球范围内的抢滩布点。在此背景下,并购时代也成为国家调整产业结构、优化资源配置、加快产业升级换代、提升国家竞争力的重要手段。本文将围绕企业并购的理论和财务动因进行阐述。     

盈余管理与公司治理理论透视

本文从委托代理理论和信息不对称理论出发,对公司内部治理结构与外部治理环境对盈余管理的影响进行了理论分析,认为盈余管理的治理必须借助于有效的公司治理机制,才能提高会计信息质量。     

AI-chatbots on the services frontline addressing the challenges and opportunities of agency

AI-chatbots as frontline agents promise innovative opportunities for shaping service offerings that benefit customers and retailers. Examining current practice through the lens of agency, as defined by Social Cognitive Theory, we present a 3-level classification of AI-chatbot design (anthropomorphic role, appearance and interactivity) and examine how the combination of these three aspects of chatbot design impacts on the complementarities of agency. Recognizing current implementation challenges, we advance that the complementarities of agency at each level are the lynchpin mechanism that translates AI-chatbot design into service relevant outcomes. We develop a research agenda focused on the emotion interface, resolution of the proxy agency dilemma and development of collective agency to support the implementation of AI-chatbots as frontline service agents.     

Tick size and market quality: Simulations based on agent‐based artificial stock markets

This paper investigates the way that minimum tick size affects market quality based on an agent‐based artificial stock market. Our results indicate that stepwise and combination systems can promote market quality in certain aspects, compared with a uniform system. A minimal combination system performed the best to improve market quality. This is the first study to analyse tick size systems that remain at the theory stage and compare four types of system under the same experimental environment. The results suggests that a minimal combination system could be considered a new direction for market policy reform to improve market quality.     

Budget impact analysis of secukinumab versus adalimumab in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis

Background: Biologic treatments have enhanced the treatment outcomes of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Until recently, TNF-alpha-inhibitors have been the only biologics approved for the treatment of active AS. The objective of this study was to assess the potential financial impact of the first non-TNF-alpha biologic secukinumab (fully human IL-17A-inhibitor) vs adalimumab (TNF-alpha-inhibitor) in the treatment of AS in Finland.

Materials and methods: In this model-based budget impact analysis, patients were treated either with secukinumab (150?mg) or adalimumab (40?mg). The number of patients and market share of different biologics were based on national reimbursement registry data. Adalimumab was the most commonly used biologic treatment for AS, and in the base case analysis all adalimumab patients are assumed to switch to secukinumab. Response rates were based on a matching-adjusted indirect comparison between secukinumab and adalimumab. Patients not achieving response were switched to another biologic treatment.

Results: Treating AS patients with secukinumab instead of adalimumab leads to potential savings of 18.2 million euros within a 5-year time period. The total costs within the follow-up time were 59.5 million euros and 77.7 million euros with and without secukinumab, respectively. According to sensitivity analyses, a higher adoption rate of secukinumab corresponds to higher potential savings.

Conclusions: Secukinumab is a cost-saving treatment option compared with adalimumab in the treatment of AS in Finland. More patients could be treated with a biologic by allocating resources more efficiently.     

Existence of solutions to principal–agent problems with adverse selection under minimal assumptions

We prove an existence result for the principal–agent problem with adverse selection under general assumptions on preferences and allocation spaces. Instead of assuming that the allocation space is finite-dimensional or compact, we consider a more general coercivity condition which takes into account the principal’s cost and the agents’ preferences. Our existence proof is simple and flexible enough to adapt to partial participation models as well as to the case of type-dependent budget constraints.     

铁路运输代理业向第三方物流业务方向发展的思考

从铁路运输代理业的实际入手,探讨了物流业是运输代理业的发展方向的课题。介绍了物流的概念、第三方物流的定义、特点、优势及国内外第三方物流发展的现状。通过对运输代理概念、特点、功能的阐述,提出第三方物流是铁路运输代理的发展方向,并提出了铁路运输代理业向第三方物流业发展的必要性、有利条件和基本构想。