Regulation of Mobile Telephony across the European Union: An Empirical Analysis

In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994).     

Transboundary Environmental Problems with Mobile but Heterogeneous Populations

Most of the literature on transboundaryenvironmental problems treats population ineach country or region as constant, ignoringpopulation mobility. We showed previously thatif there is perfect population mobility betweenregions, and populations are homogeneous, asocially efficient outcome can be supported asa Nash equilibrium of the game of uncoordinatedpolicy setting, even without any internationalenvironmental agreement. In the present paperwe introduce heterogeneous population, and showthat when people differ, a non-cooperativeoutcome is generally inefficient. We alsodemonstrate that for a particular set ofobjective functions for the regionalgovernments, there is an equilibrium of thegame of uncoordinated policy setting that isefficient. Finally, we give an example wherethe decentralized outcome is efficient whenthere is no population mobility, butinefficient when there is population mobility.     

南京市人地关系合理性研究

随着我国城市化进程的加速，中心城市将会得到快速发展，大量的人口将会在中心城聚集，会使中心城市的人地矛盾变得越来越复杂。文章以南京市为例，对其进行分析研究和客观评价，确定城市用地与人口的合理关系，并提出相应的实施对策。     

Ecological Transfers in Non-Human Communities Parallel Economic Markets in a General Equilibrium Ecosystem Model

Synopsis: The oft-cited analogies between ecological and economic systems are exploited to develop a many-species model of population dynamics. In economies, markets are the fundamental institutions in which the interaction of demands and supplies determine the quantities and prices of goods. However, economic markets are not appropriate for ecological communities, because markets rely on voluntary exchange, whereas plants and animals engage in involuntary transfers of biomass. A properly defined counterpart to markets based on biomass transfers permits a general equilibrium model of predator/prey and competitive interactions in a many-species community. Functional response from optimal foraging and predation risk provide the demand and supply, respectively, in the biomass transfers. Energy per unit time is scarce and predators and prey make optimum choices with respect to functional response and risk avoidance based on required energy expenditures. The energy expenditures are similar to economic prices: they determine foraging strategies and are beyond the control of the predators and prey, yet they are determined by the aggregate choices of all predators and prey and by population densities. The energies acquired from foraging are used in a new way to construct difference equations that determine the population dynamics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国移动运营市场竞争格局情景分析

中国的移动运营市场一直是中国移动(2000年前为中国电信)和联通两家的双寡头竞争格局.鉴于情景分析法的特点和移动运营市场面临的形势,对移动运营市场后3G时代的竞争格局分析适宜采用情景分析法来预测中国进入3G时代后移动运营市场的几种竞争格局.并可以对每种格局产生的可能性、途径以及各种情景所带来的后果进行详细的比对,这样对我国移动运营市场的健康良性发展可提供一些有益的决策参考.     

上海市少子老龄化与可持续发展

在概述21世纪上半叶上海市户籍少子老龄化主要特点的基础上,从实施可持续发展战略高度,建议探讨充分发挥少子老龄化的正面效应,尽可能把负面效应转化为正面效应的政策措施;采取既有利于更多吸纳年轻人才,又不使未来老龄化水平过高的替代性人口流迁战略;制定既不使未来中国总人口过多,又有利干减缓老龄问题的现行生育政策调整方案;寻求既不会加重失业问题,又有利于减缓城镇职工基本养老保险基金压力的推迟职工退休年龄的最佳时机;切实推进以“终身保健”为基础、大病保障为重点的医疗卫生服务体系;不断完善以居家养老为主,按适度比例加快养老设施发展的生活照料体系。     

路径依赖的作用:家庭联产承包责任制的建立与演进

人地比例、耕作技术、土地产权制度之间的互动循环导致了中国历史时期土地产权制度演进中路径依赖的形成。中国目前人口与资源（土地）之间的紧张关系就是历史时期土地产权制度演进的结果，这一约束条件决定了中国土地产权制度只能是朝着更加周密细致地保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向演进。从公社一级到三级所有、大队为基础，到三级所有、队为基础，再到家庭联产承包责任制的建立，直至承包期限由短期变为长期，由15年变为30年。这一步步的演进都是朝着保证农民土地长期使用权与收益权的方向回归，显现出制度变迁过程中路径依赖的作用。由于历史时期土地产权制度演进的影响，家庭联产承包责任制完善的方向应该是土地国家终级所有的前提下，强化农民现有土地长期使用权，并通过法律手段保证土地使用权的转让。     

城市吸引人口迁入的影响因素分析

人口迁入城市实质上改变了对城市发展影响较大的劳动力市场供给总量和供给结构.从宏观层面将人口迁入城市的原因归结为经济作用,利用收入与成本决定需求函数理论探讨城市吸引人口迁入的影响因素,并通过实证分析研究了各因素的影响强度.结果表明,当前收入以及对未来收入的预期对城市吸引人口迁入具有较大的正面影响.     

影响移动通信企业顾客价值的因素分析

对于顾客价值的研究,以往都注重对定义和内涵的比较,或者是评价模型的建立。本文将研究的对象置于移动通信行业,采用了问卷调查和因子分析的方法,通过对移动通信企业顾客价值的影响因素分析,来为移动通信企业进行战略选择提供依据。     

生产集中、人口分布与地区经济差异

动、静态比较分析发现 ,我国生产的极化作用不高 ,人口的极化作用过低。我国地区经济差距的主要原因是生产向东部地区不断集中的同时 ,人口没有相应地向那里集中 ,造成核心发达区域生产与人口分布高度失衡。鼓励中西部贫困人口向东部尤其是东部核心区域流动 ,是解决我国地区经济差距的有效策略。