The contribution of Western fast food to fast-growing body mass in China

The westernization of Asian countries has led to the rapid expansion of Western-style fast-food restaurants, which are believed to be fueling an unprecedented rise in body mass in these countries. This study tests this belief using longitudinal data from China. Exploiting the opening of a Western-style fast-food restaurant in a particular community, we conduct a transition analysis to make a more convincing causal interpretation than the standard cross-sectional or fixed-effects approach. Considering several measures of fatness, we find no robust evidence of Western fast food having a substantial effect overall, but there is some indication of effect heterogeneity.     

Efficiency evaluation of the regional high-tech industry in China: A new framework based on meta-frontier dynamic DEA analysis

This paper proposes a new framework based on the combination of the dynamic DEA, meta-frontier analysis theory, and truncated regression model, and then focuses on the efficiency evaluation of regional high-tech industries in China. For all of the overall technical efficiency, technical efficiency, and scale efficiency scores, the east area is always in the lead, with the central and west areas obviously lagging behind. The eastern area has the highest technology level, whereas the west and central areas fall behind in turn. However, the meta-technology ratio of the west area has rapidly increased and presents a trend of catching up with the east. The variables of GRP per capital, total exports and imports, highway mileage per capita, and ratio of tertiary industry to GRP have positive relationships with technical efficiency, and the time trend exhibits a negative coefficient.     

死亡率免疫理论及其在长寿风险对冲中的应用

基于死亡率免疫理论探讨保险公司长寿风险的自然对冲问题,研究年龄、性别与保险期限等因素与保单久期和凸性之间的关系,发现保险公司欲达到长寿风险的完全对冲,其寿险业务和年金业务必须达到的最小ρ比例应该等于年金和寿险保单的久期之比,表明保险公司可以通过选择调整寿险和年金业务的比例来对冲长寿风险的影响。     

Impact of split share structure reform on capital structures: empirical evidence from China’s listed companies

An econometric model based on a natural experiment and the difference-in-differences method is introduced to empirically investigate the impact of split share structure reform on capital structures. A total of 1026 listed companies in Chinese A-share during 2001–2011 are used as the sample for the research and interest-bearing debt ratios (BDRs) are taken as a representative indicator for capital structures. The theoretical and empirical analysis indicates that both market expansion effect and corporate governance effect caused by the split share structure reform are associated with an increase in BDR. As far as the timeliness is concerned, the effects of split share structure reform on capital structures will last 3–4 years.     

中国玉米芯资源量估算及其开发利用

文章首先采用文献考证法,确定玉米芯产量与玉米产量之比值;在此基础上,采用副产品比重法,结合玉米产量统计数据,对全国及各省(市、自治区)的玉米芯产量进行估算,并分析其区域分布;通过实地调查,结合文献综述,从原料化、饲料化、基料化、能源化的角度,系统阐述我国玉米芯资源综合利用途径。结果表明:玉米芯产量与玉米产量之比为0.21;2013年全国玉米芯资源总产量为4 590万t,相当于全国秸秆总产量的4.90%或玉米秸秆总产量的19.10%。主要分布于东北地区与黄淮海地区,产量分别为1 586.61万t与1 185.41万t,两地区合计占全国玉米芯产量的60.42%。玉米芯是我国各类秸秆资源中高值化利用率较高的种类,其原料化、基料化、饲料化及能源化利用总量达到800万t左右。食用菌基料化、新型能源化利用是提高我国玉米芯综合利用水平的基本途径。多产品联产可有效地促进我国玉米芯工业原料化利用水平的不断提升。积极开展玉米芯发酵饲料技术推广与应用可为我国玉米芯资源高值化利用开辟新途径。     

Quantitative easing and the loan to collateral value ratio

We study optimal monetary policy in a New Keynesian model at the zero bound interest rate where households use cash alongside house equity borrowing to conduct transactions. The amount of borrowing is limited by a collateral constraint. When either the loan to value ratio declines or house prices fall, we observe a decrease in the money multiplier. We argue that the central bank should respond to the fall in the money multiplier and therefore to the reduction in house prices or the loan to collateral value ratio. We also find that optimal monetary policy generates a large and persistent fall in the money multiplier in response to the drop in the loan to collateral value ratio.     

基于跨境社交平台的产品推广模式研究

论文调查分析了近年来热度较高的跨境社交媒体平台以及相关使用数据,利用相关性分析方法分析了多个平台的数据,在此过程中发现了各平台间具有相当高的互惠性,并运用互惠比例和推广方式适配度模型完成了对跨境社交平台的运行模式以及推广方式的对比分析,最终研究得出跨境社交媒体平台的产品推广模式。     

Share trading activity and the rise of the rentier in the UK before 1920*

Abstract

Using a hand-collected dataset, we examine share trading activity over the period 1882–1920 for the North British and Mercantile Insurance Company, one of the largest UK companies of the time. Our main finding is that the steady flow of rentiers into the shareholding constituency of this company stymied share trading activity. Another important finding is that share trading still occurred during the closure of the stock exchange in 1914, but on a much-reduced scale. We also find that there was a substantial boom in share trading and in insurance stock prices after World War I.     

The market microstructure of the European climate exchange

This paper analyzes the market microstructure of the European Climate Exchange, the largest EU ETS trading venue. The ECX captures 2/3 of the screen traded market in EUA and more than 90% in CER. Volume growth has averaged 277% in EUA between 2005 and 2009 and 724% in CER since 2007. Spreads range from €0.0188 to €0.0406 for EUA and €0.0276 to €0.0796 for CER. The median proportion of the spread due to adverse selection reaches 76% for EUA and 75% for CER. Realized volatility, bid-ask spreads and adverse selection costs decline with verified emission releases. Market impact estimates imply that an average trade will move the EUA market by 1.06 euro centimes and the CER market 1.45. The ECX is providing between 75% and 88% of price discovery for EUA trading and between 64% and 72% for CER. We find imbalances in the order book help predict returns for up to three days. A simple trading strategy that enters the market long or short when the order imbalance is strong is profitable even after accounting for spreads and market impact.     

基于JIT思想对汽车玻璃生产线WIP的控制策略

本文分析了汽车玻璃加工生产线的生产流程,生产车间不同种类的在制品(WIP)数量很庞大,为此研究生产线的瓶颈工序,得到瓶颈工序生产线的切换时间对WIP库存的影响,研究生产线的切换时间、工序之间的生产节拍比和WIP库存数三者之间的关系,结合JIT和WIP库存控制策略来保证生产线的流畅生产,归纳出关键的工序节拍比下所需的WIP库存数的动态变化情况,从而动态地控制WIP库存的变化并最大程度地降低车间的WIP库存。