International income inequality, 2005–2011: what a difference 6 years can make

While much attention has recently been given to the rising inequality in high-income countries, particularly the US, inequality across countries has received less attention. Based on reports of the International Comparison Program, which provide the most accurate measures of PPP income at the country level, this study computes three highly recommended measures of intercountry income inequality for the years 2005 and 2011. A dramatic, and perhaps unprecedented, fall in intercountry inequality over the relatively short period of 6 years is noted. As a correlate of the fall in intercountry inequality, aggregate PPP GDP for six major high-income countries is compared with that for three large developing countries, and the dramatic increase over the 6-year period in the ratio of the total GDP of the three developing countries to that for the six high-income countries is noted, thus extending, from the most accurate data, the theme of the ‘rise of the South’ articulated in Human Development Report 2013.     

Multidimensional principal–agent value for money in healthcare project financing

Value for money (VfM) is a key parameter for the public sector in the choice between a public–private partnership (PPP) and traditional procurement, especially for healthcare infrastructure. This paper investigates the differences in what VfM means to the public and private sectors.     

Unbundling tolls from contracts: a new road PPP model

Considerable evidence from different countries has revealed important shortcomings in most road public–private partnership (PPP) models. In this paper a new PPP model is presented that overcomes some of the problems found in PPP road contracts. The new model is based on separating user tolls from the fees paid to PPP contractors and setting up new institutional arrangements to oversee PPPs.     

Home bias and deviations from purchasing power parity

Empirical analysis has produced mixed results in testing for PPP. This note presents a simple model linking home bias towards home-produced tradable goods with deviations from absolute PPP. We show that this bias constitutes a significant determinant of PPP deviations.     

PPP项目融资模式解析

针对基础设施建设项目中突出存在的融资和管理问题,本文分析了PPP项目融资模式的涵义及优点,提出了PPP项目融资模式在实际运用中应注意的几个方面的问题,并对PPP项目融资模式进行深层次的解析。PPP项目融资模式的出现,对解决公共设施建设资金的不足,加快基础设施项目的建设步伐具有重要的现实意义。     

我国PPP/BOT项目风险评价综述

对PPP/BOT项目进行风险识别后进行有效地风险评价,能为风险的分担与风险控制提供依据。本文总结了近年来我国学者提出的六大类主要的风险评价模型,并作了相关的论述。     

基于多地区城市地下综合管廊应用PPP模式风险评价

在对综合管廊应用PPP模式的风险进行识别的基础上,利用灰色故障树模型(FTA)对应用PPP模式的城市地下综合管廊项目进行全生命周期分析,筛选风险产生的基本事件,通过确定对于基本事件关联度的大小,得出其需要重视的基本事件。并通过改进关联度函数进行实证分析,验证评价方法的科学性及实用性。最后,提出相适宜的管理意见对风险进行规避,对城市地下综合管廊工程项目应用PPP模式风险管理具有一定指导和借鉴意义。     

Modeling the Behavior of the KRW/USD Exchange Rate and Policy Implications

Abstract

This paper examines the behavior of the KRW/USD exchange rate based on four major models. Using the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) as the criterion, the purchasing power parity (PPP) model using the relative producer price index (PPI) performs the best, followed by the extended investment saving-liquidity preference money supply (IS-LM) model, the Frankel model, the purchasing power parity model based on the relative consumer price index (CPI), the Dornbusch model, the Frenkel model, and the uncovered interest parity model. The generalized Box–Cox model indicates that the log-log form for the PPP model can be rejected.     

水环境治理PPP项目合同柔性对项目融资风险的影响

为降低水环境治理PPP项目融资风险,结合合同柔性、PPP项目预期收益、信任与融资风险构建理论模型,探究合同柔性对项目融资风险的影响机理。研究结果表明:合同价格柔性、再谈判柔性、激励柔性均显著负向影响融资风险;PPP项目预期收益在价格柔性与融资风险关系中起完全中介作用,在再谈判柔性、激励柔性对融资风险影响中起部分中介作用;善意信任能增强价格柔性与激励柔性对融资风险的负向影响,但会减弱再谈判柔性的负向影响;能力信任在价格柔性与再谈判柔性对融资风险关系中起负向调节作用。研究从优化合同条款、创新回报机制、评估信任水平等方面为降低项目融资风险提供可行性建议。     

Purchasing Power Parity and aggregation bias for a developing country: The case of Mexico

This paper investigates long-run Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) between the US and Mexico. We use a panel of disaggregated price data between the US and Mexico with a long time series to look at two types of aggregation bias. The first is examined in Imbs et al. — which we refer to as estimator aggregation bias — and the second is put forth by Broda and Weinstein — hereafter, data aggregation bias. The findings indicate substantial estimator aggregation bias and data aggregation bias. Although estimates using aggregate data and imposing homogeneous coefficients provide little evidence of PPP, findings with disaggregated data and heterogeneous coefficient estimators offer strong support. The results also suggest the presence of small-sample bias as examined in Chen and Engel, but with little effect on the qualitative results. Tradable goods and non-tradable goods show little distinction in convergence rates. Estimated half-lives are lower under flexible than fixed exchange rates and indicate rapid convergence during the Mexican peso crisis.