Real and nominal effective exchange rates of African countries during 1971Q1–2012Q4

One of the macro variables that are included in most models is the exchange rate. Overall performance of a country’s exchange rate is measured by changes in nominal or real effective exchange rate (REER). These rates are constructed and published mostly for industrial countries by international organizations. Less developed countries have received little attention. In this article, the two rates are constructed for 21 African countries using quarterly data over the period 1971Q1–2012Q4. As an application, we use the REERs to show that even in Africa the movements of the real effective rates follow a nonlinear path.     

利用PPP模式促进中原经济区建设

随着国务院《关于支持河南省加快建设中原经济区的指导意见》的出台,建设中原经济区正式上升为国家战略。实现中原经济区建设的战略目标,需要政府提供大量的公共产品和服务。本文在分析PPP模式为促进中原经济区建设提供资金保障、政策引导和增强市场活力的基础上,对利用PPP模式建设中原经济区的关键问题进行了阐述。     

浅谈建筑行业的供应链管理及运营

伴随着城市建设的不断发展,企业也随之调整自身的发展战略以适应激烈的竞争。寻求先进的建筑行业运营模式以及供应链管理已成为建筑企业摆脱困境的主要途径之一。我们应利用现代技术以及信息化平台达到提高效率、减少成本的目的,同时也开拓思维,结合金融模式,调整资金链现金流,以发展企业,利用互联网和物联网的推进,更加精确和及时的进行供应链管理。     

污水处理PPP项目跨境联动创新路径

实施“一带一路”战略，对于推动我国新一轮对外开放和沿线国家经济发展具有重大意义，而基础设施互联互通正是“一带一路”发展实施的先导领域。分析了“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式的发展困境，以明确优化PPP模式的重点突破口。结合国内外成功PPP案例，对跨境资本参与污水处理PPP进行PEST-SWOT分析，并基于流程再造和联动创新理论，对“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式跨境联动创新路径进行了分析。以徐州市邳州污水处理项目为例的分析，为“一带一路”污水处理PPP模式优化提供了一定的理论依据与实践指导。     

An examination of the forward prediction error of U.S. dollar exchange rates and how they are related to bid-ask spreads,purchasing power parity disequilibria,and forward premium asymmetry

Using a panel data approach, we find statistically significant evidence that bid-ask spreads and deviations from purchasing power parity (PPP) are related to the forward prediction error of ten major U.S. dollar exchange rates over the post Plaza Accord period. Previous literature suggests that bid-ask spreads proxy for liquidity risk and deviations from PPP are a source of time-varying risk premiums. Additionally, the paper provides evidence that the forward discount bias is asymmetric with respect to the sign of the forward premium as well as to an undervalued and overvalued U.S. dollar.     

PPP合同风险识别和分配

公私合作（PPP）模式是国际上运用于基础设施建设的最新模式,通过公私合作的形式,越来越多的私营部门开始投资、建设、管理甚至拥有基础设施。文章通过分析PPP项目成功的关键因素,识别PPP合同可能存在的风险因素,并提出合同风险的分配方法。     

PPP、资本流动与地区税率

本文在传统的税收竞争模型框架下引入PPP模式的设定,分析了PPP模式影响资本流动和地区税率的理论机制。理论模型发现,PPP模式会从“直接效应”和“间接效应”两个渠道影响资本流动;社会资本参与率对地区税率呈现U型影响。当参与率较低时,以间接效应为主,参与率提高将导致地区税率水平下降;当参与率较高时,以直接效应为主,参与率上升将提高本地税率。本文进一步基于中国285个地级市2006—2013年的面板数据,对理论模型进行了验证。实证结果发现,中国城市间存在普遍的税收竞争行为;PPP引入后,社会资本参与率越高,地区吸引流入的资本越多,同时也更大程度地降低了税率对资本的边际影响;社会资本参与率对地区税率影响的U型曲线临界值约为55%。     

Comparative output and labor productivity in manufacturing between China, Japan, Korea and the United States for ca. 1935 - A production-side PPP approach

Following the standard industry-of-origin methodology to measure production-side purchasing power parities (PPPs), this study for the first time provides a set of unit value ratios (UVRs) of manufacturing products between China, Japan, Korea and the US, based on which it derives PPP estimates for individual manufacturing industries for these East Asian countries with the US as the benchmark for ca. 1935. The estimated PPP for total manufacturing suggests that the relative level of the producer price in China, Japan and Korea was about half to two thirds of the prevailing market exchange rates, respectively. The estimated PPPs are used to calculate comparative output and labor productivity for individual industries of these countries for ca. 1935. It shows that the size of factory manufacturing in Japan was 12 percent of the US level and in China only about one percent of the US level. In terms of comparative labor productivity, measured as PPP$ per hour worked, Japanese and Korean manufacturing was 24 and 23 percent of the US level, whereas Chinese manufacturing was only 7 percent of the US level.     

经验、产业集聚与“一带一路”PPP项目的成功率

提高"一带一路"PPP项目的成功率,对"一带一路"倡议的推进意义重大。文章以"一带一路"沿线36个国家和地区的2131次PPP投资项目为样本,系统研究了东道国经验对PPP项目成功率的影响和产业集聚在其中的作用,基于排序模型实证发现:经验与PPP项目成功率间并非简单的线性或曲线关系,其中成功经验与项目成功率成负向线性关系,而总经验和失败经验则成U型非线性关系;产业集聚有助于降低失败经验对项目成功率的积极影响,但在总经验或成功经验的影响中无显著作用。     

PPP视阈下农村公共文化产品及服务的供给研究

农村公共文化产品及服务体系是公共文化服务体系的组成部分,是新农村建设的重要内容。目前,我国农村公共文化产品及服务的供给失衡,究其原因,主要是由于农村公共文化产品及服务的供给模式存在严重缺陷。与传统供给模式相比,在PPP模式下,农村公共文化产品及服务建造商和运营商建立起了合作关系,从而有效减少运营成本并提高运营效率。因此,PPP模式的引入,不仅可以改善农村公共文化产品及服务供给不足的现状,而且有助于促进文化产业的发展和推动新农村建设。