Does price reflect emotional,structural or performance quality?

Three denim jeans products from the same manufacturer with differentiated pricing and labels (antiqued, sandblasted, and stonewashed) were used to determine the relationship between price and quality. Both qualitative and quantitative procedures were used to analyse the garments. All three jeans were made of twill weave with 3 × 1 repeat. Both structural and performance characteristics were compared using standardized tests. Analysis of variance was used to compare the selected structural and performance characteristics among the three jeans products. Tukey’s HSD tests were used for post hoc multiple comparisons for three jeans. The findings revealed that despite the fact that all three jeans products were from the same store, and that the fabrics used the same weave, degree and direction of twist, the jeans differed significantly for several structural and performance characteristics. Several possibilities for future research were explored.     

Foods produced using biotechnology: how does the law protect consumers?

This paper addresses the following subjects: biotechnology and consumers, concern about risks, consumer acceptance, labelling of foods produced using biotechnology, the legal approach to consumer protection, and consumer protection policies relating to biotechnology products in the European Union, the United States, Turkey and global institutions such as the Convention for Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It is likely that biotechnology will gain ground much more rapidly in the twenty‐first century than in the past. Despite rapid, detailed and precise advances in gene technology, its applications have not been the received with a great deal of consumer enthusiasm. Consumers have approached genetically modified foods with considerable apprehension and opposition. Consumer concerns about bioengineered food products focus on the questions of human health, environmental and social risks and benefits. The most important stages in the process of marketing new foods produced using biotechnology are to demonstrate user need and consumer acceptance. Generally, the technical complexity of biotechnology makes it difficult for consumers to understand details of the product and the specific attributes of biotechnology applications. Scientific uncertainty, the nature of consumer concerns and general reluctance to accept biotechnology products, increase the importance of consumer protection. Legal protection is a very important factor in the solution of new social problems related to technological advances. More specifically, consumer and environmental law support consumer protection related to foods produced with biotechnology. The basic principles of consumer law can be re‐formulated as consumer rights. Environmental law is a new phenomenon, but precautionary principles and public participation in decision‐making for environmental law are relevant to consumer protection relating to bioengineered food products.     

以扩大内需促进就业问题研究

随着我国经济进入新的发展阶段后,投资对劳动力逐渐显现出排挤作用,出口也由其发展前景受限而对劳动力的吸纳作用减弱。而内需由于其对劳动密集型产业产品的需求,对就业有很强的带动作用。本文将论述以内需扩大就业的必要性,找出其中存在的问题,并提出相应建议。     

Comparative Advantage in Demand: Experimental Evidence of Preferences for Genetically Modified Food in the United States and European Union

The United States (US) exports more than US$6 billion in agricultural commodities to the European Union(EU) each year, but one issue carries the potential to diminish this trade: use of biotechnology in food production. The EU has adopted more stringent policies towards biotechnology than the US. Understanding differences in European and American policies towards genetically modified (GM) foods requires a greater understanding of consumers’ attitudes and preferences. This paper reports results from the first large‐scale, cross‐Atlantic study to analyse consumer demand for genetically modified food in a non‐hypothetical market environment. We strongly reject the frequent if convenient assumption in trade theory that consumer preferences are identical across countries: the median level of compensation demanded by English and French consumers to consume a GM food is found to be more than twice that in any of the US locations. Results have important implications for trade theory, which typically focuses on differences in specialization, comparative advantage and factor endowments across countries, and for on‐going trade disputes at the World Trade Organization.     

试论企业的终端营销攻略

本文分析了销售终端在企业经营战略中的重大意义，并主要以海尔为例对当今市场经济条件下企业销售终端的建立，提出了若干思路和建议。     

增值销售——企业发展的新起点

本文通过对技术、管理方面日新月异发展现状的分析,指出目前企业正面临着销售困难这一实际问题,并提出了相应的解决方案,即将企业内外部业务合理化改造与实现客户满意有机地结合,才能实现企业增值销售。     

基于模糊偏序关系的消费者偏好测评

了解消费者偏好是企业营销活动的基础性工作。本文首先利用模糊偏序关系的排序方法,解决消费者偏好的心理测度的模糊性问题,论证了用模糊偏序关系对心理测度进行评价是一种较好的方法;然后利用决策理论中的condorect函数把个人偏好合成群体偏好;最后用实例验证了该方法对消费者偏好进行评价的可行性。     

超市消费者购物行为理论研究

本文以理论研究的方法探讨了超市消费者在不同形态超市购物行为中三个重要的内容——择店行为、消费额度、消费频次。提出了购物效用在消费者购物行为中所起的作用以及择店行为、消费额度和消费频次之间的关系。经研究表明,不同形态超市为消费者带来的效用不同,这种效用的差别是影响消费者购物行为的关键因素。     

消费者与组织购买行为的比较研究

消费者购买行为是消费者为满足个人或家庭生活需要而发生的购买商品的决策或行动，组织购买行为是组织与组织之间的营销活动。组织购买与消费者购买有着较大的差异，因规模远比后者大而对市场经济的作用巨大，在市场营销理论中也占看重要的地位。对消费者与组织购买行为进行比较研究，对组织购买决策模型加以对比分析，有助于更好地理解组织购买活动与购买决策过程。     

农村商品流通对农村经济增长的影响与对策

改革开放以来,我国农村商品流通得到快速发展,极大地促进了农村经济的发展。通过计量模型分析表明,农村商品流通对农村经济增长的贡献在持续增加。大力搞活农产品流通,培育农村消费市场,发展多层次的流通组织,促进城乡商品流通统筹发展,将更进一步促进农村经济的发展。