提高劳动报酬在初次分配中比重的对策分析

劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重过低,是当前我国贫富差距过大的直接原因。要提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重,必须深化分配制度改革,形成合理的分配结构,建立劳动工资正常增长机制。     

限制宅基地使用权流转:维护农民利益的最佳选择

本文针对日益强烈的支持宅基地使用权自由流转的观点,结合在广州农村地区的实地调查研究,指出目前我国限制宅基地使用权流转的必要性和打破此限制将会产生的种种弊端,据此得出在我国现阶段,限制宅基地使用权流转是维护农民利益的最佳选择。     

土地供应方式转变对房价的影响

中国城市土地供应方式经历了由无偿划拨到有偿出让,从协议出让到招拍挂出让的转变历程,当前招拍挂已经成为经营性用地的唯一出让方式。在地方政府"土地财政"的利益驱动下,土地单一垄断供应体制下的"招拍挂"土地出让方式已经成为影响房价上涨的重要因素之一。要遏制房价过快上涨的势头,应从根源上切断地方政府在房地产市场中的利益链条。     

“以煤补农”机制与煤矿区农地非农化模式

随着经济发展,农村土地合理利用成为一个重要环节。本文从山西实施“以煤补农”机制实际出发,将煤矿区农地非农化模式与“以煤补农”机制融合在一起。结果表明,“以煤补农”机制是对煤矿区农地非农化模式的补充;煤矿区农地非农化模式发展趋势与“以煤补农”机制的实施是一致的。     

受动抑或主动:城市土地集约利用促进性因素机理研究

文章突破了原有的城市土地限制性因素分析,从城市土地经营的行为主体的角度,开创性的提出城市土地集约利用的促进性因素,对城市土地的集约类型进行了划分,划分为了主动性土地集约和受动性土地集约,进而细分为内生性主动集约和外生性主动集约、相权性受动集约和调控性受动集约。并将这些因素置于私人收益、私人成本、社会收益、社会成本的复合坐标体系之下作了进一步的区分与研究,分别对其形成的原因和表现作了进一步的阐释和描述,同时对控制土地集约度的重要性子以强调,最后对土地集约促进性因素的分类及其运作做了相关的展望。     

透过诸城市“村改社区”看农村宅基地制度改革

随着城镇化和城市化的发展,先前的适应城乡二元结构的农村宅基地制度已经不适应现在市场经济的发展需求,弊端突出,问题、矛盾突出。农村宅基地制度改革势在必行。在诸城市进行"村改社区"过程中将会对农村宅基地进行置换和复垦,不仅增加了耕地而且还节约了土地资源。     

Geographic Concentration in Indian Manufacturing and Service Industries: Evidence from 1998 to 2013

This paper uses a comprehensive new data source to document basic facts about geographic concentration among industries in India from 1998 to 2013. Unlike previous studies, our data allow us to accurately measure industrial concentration at the district level and cover manufacturing and services, as well as the formal and informal sectors. Our most striking finding is that average levels of industrial concentration fell dramatically between 1998 and 2013, driven by steep reductions in capital‐intensive manufacturing industries. We provide suggestive evidence that this increasing dispersion may be due to improvements in interregional transportation coupled with inefficient land management policies and limited labor mobility.     

农村闲置宅基地盘活利用清单管理的制度逻辑

研究目的：通过考察农村闲置宅基地盘活利用和清单管理的制度文本和社会实践,揭示宅基地盘活利用清单管理的整体制度逻辑。研究方法：法律社会学和行政管理学相结合的制度分析方法。研究结果：宅基地盘活利用的政策内涵是促进乡村振兴和城乡融合,清单管理的政策内涵是实施技术治理的科学理性,转变政府职能,清晰界定市场与政府的边界。宅基地盘活利用偏重于私权保护,对管理负外部性和提供公共服务等公权问题重视不足。清单管理存在着权力清单、责任清单和负面清单之间内在逻辑不统一的问题。宅基地盘活利用清单管理需要构建一个统一协调、科学理性的内在制度逻辑。研究结论：三张清单是宅基地盘活利用中界定市场与政府边界的重要制度工具。宅基地盘活利用权力清单着眼于构建有限政府,其适合的理想构造型式为“权力追责”型;责任清单着眼于构建责任政府,其适合的理想构造型式为“职责追责”型;负面清单着眼于构建有效市场,其适合的理想构造型式为“分立耦合”型。宅基地盘活利用权力清单和责任清单要与负面清单的禁入行为和限入行为清单相衔接,权力清单的事前审批、事中事后监管和公共服务事项需要分别与责任清单进行逻辑关联。     

‘Because it matters’

Basic economic logic, which often simplifies assessments and explanations of agricultural policy issues, is vitally important in communicating with policy-makers. Resources are limited, and there is a premium on getting decisions at least approximately right first time. Examples from southern Africa illustrate the importance of parity pricing, and its links to household food security (Lesotho), price risk, the emergence of an agricultural futures market, and its central role in allocating scarce agricultural resources (South Africa). Insights derived from an appreciation of parity pricing are relevant in other national contexts and also help explain how international grain markets operate. The parity pricing concept provides a framework for sense-checking complicated debates relating to two issues that have been prominent in recent years; first, whether and to what extent speculation in futures markets has been a driver of agricultural price spikes, and second, how far indirect land use change (ILUC), triggered by the use of agricultural feedstocks to produce renewable energy, is a material issue. These issues are likely to be of heightened importance in the face of climate change. Each emphasises that agricultural economics matters, and that it matters that we get the economics right.     

划拨土地使用权益基准地价评估方法探析

本文先简要介绍了几种常用的评估方法,并对划拨土地使用权权益基准地价评估进行研究,从而提出了基于土地增值收益分配理论的评估方法思路.