老工业基地城市产业集聚与区域创新的时空耦合研究北大核心

本文基于产业集聚与区域创新互动协调的理论分析,运用耦合协调度模型,以吉林省中部创新转型核心区老工业基地典型城市为例,对产业集聚与区域创新的耦合协调情况进行定量评估,发现:老工业基地城市产业集聚与区域创新的耦合协调度整体不高,产业集聚与区域创新存在较强的动态反馈关系;产业集聚度提高和区域创新系统协调发展共同促使耦合协调类型的跃迁;老工业基地城市产业专业化程度提升的同时,区域创新水平也越高;区域城市间产业集聚与区域创新耦合协调发展差距逐渐缩小。     

Product design in monopolistic competition

We consider a model of monopolistic competition where producers can manipulate an elasticity parameter at an early stage. We interpret this as a choice of product specialization. Lower marginal costs of production lead to more generic products in all equilibria, which lead to fewer varieties under free-entry. Entry of a new firm increases overall specialization and increases prices, that is, the environment exhibits price-increasing competition. The loss of consumer surplus due to higher prices and lower consumption is compensated by the value of additional variety, hence entry also increases consumer surplus. Therefore, price-increasing competition need not be anticompetitive under endogenous specialization.     

“专创融合”课程体系设计与实施——以北京财贸职业学院为例

“专创融合”教育是实现职业教育高质量的必然路径和关键举措。当前创新创业教育与专业教育之间存在协同性差、系统性不足、融合难等问题,严重制约职业教育高质量发展和创新型人才培养。通过改造设计了具有创新创业特性的“课程载体”,并以此为桥梁,推动教学目标、教学设计、教学方式方法、教学评价的改革,把创新思维、创新能力和创业精神教育植入于专业教育课程中,借鉴布鲁姆教育目标分类学理论,把不同类型的“专创融合”课程融入专业人才培养方案,构建“专创融合”课程体系,并通过整合教学资源,构建校园“三全育人”生态圈,确保“专创融合”课程顺利实施,实现创新创业教育与专业教育有机融合,解决创新创业教育和专业教育“两张皮”问题。     

京津冀汽车制造业地域分工研究

从地域分工的角度切入，利用空间分析可视化表达了京津冀地区汽车制造业的布局演变，在采用生态位宽度和生态位重叠指标测度京津冀地区汽车制造业分工程度的基础上，从分工效率和政策两方面衡量了目前的区域分工格局，发现分工现状并不十分合理。由此，对优化京津冀汽车制造业地域分工提出了具体建议。     

Arithmetics of research specialization

In hiring decisions, universities explicitly reward focusing on a specific field. I model the use of research specialization (focusing) in hiring as a signal of ability. Without explicit reward for focusing, candidates who focus are more likely to be able. However, if job market rewards focusing, less able candidates who would otherwise be indifferent between focusing or not, start focusing, which leads to smaller likelihood of observing an able candidate among those who focus than among those who do not. Specialization works as an effective ability signal only when generation of good ideas is highly likely for all ability levels.     

The Effect of Client Industry Agglomerations on Auditor Industry Specialization

Prior research on auditor industry specialization documents fee premiums for local audit offices that are industry specialists. This research assumes that the effects of specialization are uniform across markets. We examine industry specialization based on the economic theory of industry agglomeration (geographic areas with high industry concentration). Agglomeration economies can facilitate access to knowledge for auditors serving a specific industry in those locations. We find that industry specialists in agglomerations earn a fee premium in excess of specialists in other markets. We find that nonspecialist offices in agglomerations also earn fee premiums in that industry when compared to nonspecialists in other markets even when controlling for these groups’ absolute share of the national market. We also address whether or not this expertise can be shared among offices in an agglomeration specialist's firm. We find that audit offices that have easy connections to a within-firm office in an agglomerated market can earn a fee premium relative to more distant offices, suggesting a benefit from knowledge transfer. This fee premium accrues to offices that would not be considered a specialist using traditional market share measures in a given industry. These findings indicate that the benefit of industry specialization depends on more than local market share.