An outcome-based assessment of international transfer pricing policy

Instead of concentrating on the selection of the optimal transfer pricing method, this paper focuses on the consequences of international transfer pricing for multinational entities. A sample of U.S.-based multinational firms is employed to determine if transfer pricing results in measurable financial outcomes. Results of the study indicate that firms employ international transfer pricing to meet a variety of objectives. The dollar value of international transfers and the foreign sales percentage are both significant explanatory variables for the financial outcomes of these objectives.     

Dynamic analysis of stock return volatility in an integrated international capital market

This paper examines the dynamic behavior of the stock return volatility for Canada, Japan, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The evidence indicates that international stock return volatility is mainly influenced by the U.S. stock return volatility and the exchange rate volatility, supporting the international capital market integration hypothesis. There seems to be some correlation between stock return volatility and macroeconomic volatility, but the effect is relatively weaker. In addition to the economic fundamentals, the noise component is found to be time varying, confirming the AR(MA)CH specifications in the stock return models.     

风险投资成功退出的风险识别与微观控制路径设计

风险投资以成功退出创业企业为进入的假设前提,但其股权投资超额预期收益的实现过程经历大量风险,本文识别了阻碍风险投资成功退出的关键风险,并考虑可控性,从风险投资公司自身角度研究控制投资风险的微观路径。     

Transferring and Transforming Technology Education: A Study of Norwegian Teachers’ Perceptions of Ideas from Design & Technology

What happens when educational ideas cross national and cultural borders? How do teachers respond to ideas originating in a different school system and a different national culture? This article reports on an empirical study investigating the transfer of ideas from Design &; Technology as a subject in England and Wales into Norwegian schools. A sample of teachers participating in a specific project on technology teaching inspired by this subject has been studied by means of interviews and classroom observation. Results of the study show that while some elements of Design &; Technology are adopted by the teachers, essential ideas of the subject are significantly transformed. Drawing on Barnes, (1992, Teachers and Teaching: From Classrooms to Reflection (pp. 9–32), The Falmer press, London) concept of teachers' professional frames for teaching, it is shown how specific aspects of the national and educational culture have had a considerable effect on?the teachers' interpretation of the nature of technology as a subject of teaching and its place in the curriculum. The study illustrates the importance of the cultural context in how educational ideas are interpreted, reshaped and realized in schools.     

西部少数民族经济快速发展的财税政策选择

中央财力不足、税制不够完善以及分税制体制方面的问题致使西部民族地区的经济发展比较缓慢,产生诸多不利影响。因此,在改善投资环境、调整经济结构和布局、扩大内需等方面,税收应有所作为。     

我国现行融资制度功能的理论及实证分析

内生于经济增长的融资制度应具备筹资功能、降低交易成本功能、价格发现功能、流动性功能和风险转移功能等五方面的功能.我国现行融资制度基本能够有效地进行储蓄动员,但在向资本转化方面存在着一定的障碍;作为公共资源的政府融资仍然发挥着相当重要的作用,但金融市场对经济的促进作用有进一步弱化的趋势;在地区间和企业间存在着资源的逆配置现象,总体上资本的运用效率较低,而非正规金融发挥了不可或缺的作用;严格的利率管制使中介的价格发现功能几乎没有,而市场的价格发现功能一直较弱;此外,存在较高的交易成本,流动性水平整体较低,风险转移功能也相对缺乏.     

价值系统的模块化与价值转移

“价值”是一个极具争议且令人富于联想的词汇。在最近的文献中,涉及产品价值的研究多数是从企业生产、经营和管理的角度展开的,从消费者层面系统研究产品价值问题的著述并不多见。基于此,本文试图从消费者层面挖掘产品价值的基本内涵,通过对消费者需求的剖析,揭示出产品的价值形成、价值测试以及价值结构的基本关系;进而利用模块化的基本原理阐释了价值系统的模块化结构;在此基础上,厘清了产品价值系统的三类价值转移问题。     

aecXML与STEP在建筑业信息集成中的应用

利用Web实现建筑业信息集成是建筑业信息化的发展方向，而平台的不统一性和数据的异构性是信息集成化发展的瓶颈。综合运用aecXML和STEP技术实现信息的标准化传递，可以克服这个问题。章介绍了aecXML和STEP的基本概念及其各自的优缺点，探讨了基于aecXML和STEP的建筑产品数据共享和交换结构模型，以及基于aecXML的建设项目信息共享与交换结构模型，并对两种技术的综合应用前景进行了展望。     

珠三角OEM企业持续成长的路径选择--基于全球价值链外包体系的视角

OEM企业是珠三角区域新型工业化的重要力量，其持续成长有利于提高珠三角产业国际竞争力。我们分析了OEM企业成长与全球价值链外包体系的动态演变．并归纳出全球价值链外包体系中的OEM企业的一般成长路径。我们将珠三角OEM企业划分为两大阵营，分别探讨了企业实现持续成长的路径选择：第一阵营主动承接价值链高端环节，一部分企业从OEM向ODM转变，另一些则走OEM与OBM相结合的成长模式．也鼓励大企业适当的相关多元化；第二阵营要“做大”OEM，实现规模经济，并向配套产业的方向发展。OEM企业持续成长还要有一个良好的外生环境，主要包括发展机遇、制度环境和文化环境等。     

Population Aging and the Possibility of a Middle-Income Trap in Asia

We present three conditions for a demography-driven middle-income trap and show that many economies in East, South, and Southeast Asia satisfy all of them. The conditions involve (1) the support ratio of workers to consumers has an impact on economic growth, (2) economic development accompanies more investment in human capital and lower fertility due to the quantity–quality trade-off, and (3) a current low level of fertility corresponds to very low support ratios for keeping up with frontier economies in the long run. Panel analysis for 178 countries shows that (1) and (2) are satisfied for Asia with higher elasticity than others. As for (3), we set up a dynamic model for simulations, showing that approximately two-third of Asia’s developing countries have an unsustainable level of support ratios, implying possibility of a middle-income trap due to future demographic headwinds.