风险投资退出机制的选择

风险投资是以高风险、高收益为主要特点的一种投资。获得高额的回报是风险投资者的根本目的和动机。无论风险投资以何种形式注入企业，它在持有创业企业股权到一定的时间后，就要考虑退出风险企业，收回投资。因此，风险资本投资的成功与否最后要看其变现退出机制选择成功与否。 　　风险投资退出机制的选择包括退出时机和退出方式的选择。 　　一、退出时机选择 　　风险投资家的本行不是拥有企业，而是像经营商品一样经营企业。投资于一个企业，使其增值，然后尽快把投资变现。于是风险投资家都想在适当的时候出让手中的股权，从资本增值…     

风险投资退出时机和退出方式选择研究

风险投资的高收益是通过风险投资成功的退出而实现的,可行的退出机制是风险投资成功的关键.只有风险投资顺利成功的退出才能够使风险投资这一动态过程循环往复,不断获取风险资本增值.风险资本家实施风险投资项目退出时必须对退出时机和退出方式进行选择.文章主要对风险资本选择最佳退出时机以及退出方式时应该考虑的因素进行了研究,认为最佳退出时机以及退出方式的选择遵循投资收益最大化的准则.     

高科技产业、金融发展与风险投资退出回报

基于我国风险投资退出项目数据,考察投资地区发展环境对风险投资退出回报的影响。结果表明:投资地区高科技产业、金融市场越发达,风险投资退出回报越高;投资地区风险投资市场容量与规模对退出回报没有显著影响。此外,投资周期越长,风险投资退出回报越高;投资规模、风投机构经验年限和组织形式、风险企业行业类型与退出回报没有显著相关关系。     

浅析风险资本的退出途径

从总体来看，风险投资最重要的一个环节就是退出，没有成功的退出，则风险投资就很难给投资人有效的回报，管理团队也没有办法获得相应的收益，从而风险投资业发展的动力源泉也将枯竭。因此我们说，只有存在一个完善的风险资本退出机制，才可以促进风险投资商对处于创业早期阶段的高科技企业的投资，推动高科技企业的发展，才可以为提供风险资本的所有提供风险转移机     

搭建我国风险投资退出机制的设想

风险资本在投资后能否适时退出,在很大程度上制约着投资者的决策取向和风险资本的循环流动,影响着风险投资业的健康发展.可以说没有风险投资退出渠道就没有真正意义的风险投资.为此,建立具有中国特色的风险投资退出机制,是发展我国风险投资业的关键.     

我国风险投资退出方式的现实选择

退出渠道的不畅是制约我国风险投资发展的重要原因。在我国创业板未正式推出之前,风险投资机构应根据我国的实际情况,选择切实可行的退出方式进行退出。由于公开上市短期内无法成为大多数风险投资退出的最佳选择,具备条件的风险投资企业可选择借壳上市、海外上市等上市方式进行退出。现阶段较现实的退出方式是并购。作为风险投资公司,在决定退出投资时,应根据风险企业的自身特点和当时的外部环境,灵活地选择退出方式。     

建立符合我国国情的风险资本退出机制

无论风险投资成功与否，都需要有一套完善的风险投资的退出机制，以保证风险资金的良性循环和最大限度地发挥风险投资家和风险资金这些“稀缺资源”的充分利用，风险资本的退出机制是风险投资制度的关键环节。     

风险投资退出决策模型设计与经验借鉴

风险投资作为高风险、高收益的投资活动,选择合适的退出方式来实现资本的增值在整个风险资本循环中至关重要.目前,风险投资退出机制主要包括四种方式:首次公开上市(IPO)、企业购并、回购和清算退出.本文从实际与理论两个方面就有关风险投资退出方式的选择展开讨论,并总结出我国实现风险投资退出的一些启示.     

我国风险投资退出方式的选择

风险投资在现代经济中具有举足轻重的作用,选择合适的方式退出是风险投资成功的关键。本文结合目前我国风险资本的退出现状,分析中国风险投资退出的主要障碍在于相关法律法规不健全、中介服务不成熟、风险企业在国内主板上市难度大,指出了在我国目前的国情下,可供选择的风险投资退出方式有收购与兼并、买壳或借壳上市、境外二板上市或国内中小企业板上市、股份回购、通过区域性产权交易市场退出等。     

我国风险投资退出方式的选择

风险投资在现代经济中具有举足轻重的作用,选择合适的方式退出是风险投资成功的关键。本文结合目前我国风险资本的退出现状,分析中国风险投资退出的主要障碍在于相关法律法规不健全、中介服务不成熟、风险企业在国内主板上市难度大,指出了在我国目前的国情下,可供选择的风险投资退出方式有收购与兼并、买壳或借壳上市、境外二板上市或国内中小企业板上市、股份回购、通过区域性产权交易市场退出等。     

Risk and wealth effects of U.S. firm joint venture activity

Using a sample of US firms engaged in joint venture activity primarily in the 1990s, we test the hypothesis that joint venture activity is motivated by a desire for efficient risk sharing. We find that approximately ninety-six percent of our sample experiences a risk change in response to joint venture activity. A significant proportion of these experience a reduction in beta. No market price response is evident in conjunction with this reduction. In addition, the average parent firm experiences a significant increase in firm risk, which we attribute to taking on the risky joint venture. This increase in risk is particularly pronounced for firms engaged in international joint ventures and is accompanied by a positive market response. Investment stake, pre-venture firm profitability, size and private risk increasing characteristics appear to influence the wealth character of the joint venture. We interpret that there may be a positive market premium for international diversification effects and/or for the flexibility that the real option joint venture opportunity provides.     

基于声誉机制的风险投资与风险企业博弈分析

在资本市场中，风险投资活动以风险投资家和风险企业的合作为基础。同时，风险投资与风险企业也存在着信息不对称，双方在相互寻找和选择的过程中进行着博弈。研究如何建立风险投资与风险企业之间的合作机制，抑制博弈过程中可能会出现的机会主义行为，将对风险投资活动起到重要的指导作用。     

Short and long-term interactions between venture capital returns and the macroeconomy: evidence for the United States

The main purpose of this paper is to empirically model the influence of macroeconomic and financial variables on the performance of risk capital in the US. We start our investigation using a static long-run equilibrium model. In contrast to previous studies, we analyze the effect of several factors simultaneously within the framework of a vector error correction model (VECM). This allows us to study short- and long-term interactions to overcome the problem of endogeneity, and to discover causal mechanisms. The results show that the value of venture capital investments is positively related to industrial production, the exit channel Nasdaq, and the long-term interest rate. However, the value of venture capital investments is negatively related to the short-term interest rate. According to the short-term dynamics, VEC Granger causality confirms that only industrial production influences venture capital performance, while venture capital returns Granger causes Nasdaq performance.     

Venture Capitalists,Unquoted Equity Investment Appraisal and the Role of Accounting Information

This paper aims to add to the understanding of venture capitalists' investment decision-making behaviour by providing evidence relating to the general policies they adopt in their approaches to due diligence, valuation methods, benchmark rates of return and adjustments for risk. The evidence shows that in order to address potential adverse selection problems, venture capitalists use a wide range of accounting and non-accounting information and techniques relating to the specific factors concerning a particular investment. Unpublished accounting information and subjective information are important. Significant differences emerge in the approaches to valuation and use of accounting information for valuation purposes between types of venture capitalist, according both to their stage of investment focus and whether they were captive or independent.     

Banks versus Venture Capital: Project Evaluation, Screening, and Expropriation

Why do some start‐up firms raise funds from banks and others from venture capitalists? To address this question, I study a model in which the venture capitalist can evaluate the entrepreneur's project more accurately than the bank but can also threaten to steal it from the entrepreneur. Consistent with evidence regarding venture capital finance, the model implies that the characteristics of a firm financing through venture capitalists are relatively little collateral, high growth, high risk, and high profitability. The model also suggests that tighter protection of intellectual property rights encourages entrepreneurs to finance through venture capitalists.     

Liquidity Risk and Venture Capital Finance

This article provides theory and evidence in support of the proposition that venture capitalists adjust their investment decisions according to liquidity conditions on IPO exit markets. We refer to technological risk as a choice variable in terms of the characteristics of the entrepreneurial firm in which the venture capitalist invests, and liquidity risk as the current and expected future external exit market conditions. We show that in times of expected illiquidity of exit markets (high liquidity risk), venture capitalists invest proportionately more in new high-tech and early-stage projects (high technology risk) in order to postpone exit requirements. When exit markets are liquid, venture capitalists rush to exit by investing more in later-stage projects. We further provide complementary evidence that shows that conditions of low liquidity risk give rise to less syndication. Our theory and supporting empirical results facilitate a unifying theme that links related research on illiquidity in private equity.     

Religion and venture investing: A cross-country analysis

Using a sample of 56 countries over the 2000–2016 period, we document lower levels of venture capital investments in more religious countries. These results are not specific to any primary religion. Furthermore, we show that the negative relation between religiosity and venture investing mainly stems from risk aversion inherent in religiosity. Our results are unlikely driven by economic clout, as we show more religious countries in fact have higher levels of domestic credit or nonfinancial investments, despite lower levels of venture investments. We also present several findings consistent with risk aversion. Venture investments in more religious countries are more likely to have successful exits and are less likely to be foreign or early-stage deals. Our results are robust to different measures of venture investments and religiosity, and to alternative specifications that account for endogeneity.     

风险投资基金运作的国际经验借鉴和我国的模式选择

我国风险投资基金业在过去十多年的发展过程中取得了飞速的发展,但其中也暴露出很多问题和制约因素,诸如外部环境滞后、规模小、抗风险能力弱、组织模式不合理等.而国外风险投资基金业则已经建成了比较有效的市场架构和法律体系,规模不断扩大,抗风险能力提高,同时也形成了各自完善的组织模式.本文通过国际比较研究,探寻国外发展过程中的积极因素,为我国风险投资基金的发展提供合理的借鉴.     

Endogenous networks in investment syndication

As an effective investment strategy, investors often invest jointly in a company by forming a syndicate. The unique feature of this paper is that it endogenizes the formation of an investment syndicate. We provide a theory on the endogenous formation of networks in investment syndication and analyze how several key factors such as risk aversion, productivity, risk and cost affect incentive and syndicated investment. We also apply the theory to venture capital investment and identify empirical evidence in support of it.     

‘Cleantech’ venture capital around the world

Cleantech venture capital investment differs from the typical venture capital investment in that it tends to be very capital intensive and faces greater technology risks associated with the functioning of the technology, scalability and exit requirements than the typical venture capital investment. Moreover, unlike the typical venture capital investment, the benefits arising from cleantech cannot be totally captured by the venture capitalist as many of its benefits accrue to society via reduced environmental degradation and better health and quality of life outcomes. The public goods literature posits that such externalities reduce investment in cleantech below the socially optimal level. We seek to determine whether there are countervailing factors which may incite greater cleantech investment. We argue that oil prices, increased stakeholder attention, as well as the impact of various formal and informal institutions are such factors. This paper provides a cross-country analysis of the determinants of cleantech venture capital investment with a unique worldwide dataset of 31 countries spanning 1996–2010. The data show consistent evidence of a pronounced role for oil prices in driving cleantech venture capital deals, which is more important than other economic, legal or institutional variables. Cleantech media coverage is likewise a statistically significant determinant of cleantech venture capital investment and as economically significant as other country level legal, governance, and cultural variables. Uncertainty avoidance has a negative impact on cleantech venture capital investment, as well as a moderating effect on other variables.