促进我国员工持股发展的若干思路

分析了职工持股的作用,指出了我国今后职工持股制度发展应重点推行普通员工持股、利润分享计划和员工所有制三个主流模式,加快职工持股制度的立法工作,加强国家对职工持股制度的财政税收支持和金融支持。     

农户参与用水者协会的诱因探析

面对日益严峻的水资源短缺形势，改善水资源管理方式引起了国际社会的广泛关注，农民用水者协会在这一背景下应运而生。发展农民用水者协会离不开农户的参与，了解农户参与或不参与用水者协会的原因，对于用水者协会的发展和政府部门制定相关政策具有十分重要的意义。文章采用问卷调查法，以内蒙古三个旗、县、区的农户为调研对象，对农户加入用水者协会的诱因进行了研究，并提出了促进农民用水者协会持续发展的建议。     

增加地方财政收入与保护草原生态的矛盾研究

财政收入是各级地方政府参与经济活动的基础,雄厚的财政实力是推动经济发展和社会进步的重要保证,财政收入的增加主要依赖于经济的增长,而经济的增长不可避免地会影响环境质量,因此,在内蒙古各旗县尤其是33个牧业旗县就存在着经济发展、财政增收与草原生态环境之间的矛盾.文章以内蒙古33个牧业旗县为例,具体分析了地方政府面临的财政困境以及财政收入与经济发展的关系,并着重分析了产生增加财政收入和保护草原生态矛盾的原因,在此基础上提出了解决这一矛盾的具体措施.     

基于ZOT理论景区标准化与个性化服务权衡管理

无论对学界还是业界,景区如何对标准化服务与个性化服务进行权衡管理,都是值得探讨的问题。基于ZOT理论,从游客容忍区和服务预期随服务状态变化的角度出发,构建景区标准化与个性化服务权衡管理模型,提出景区应根据游客容忍区上下限不断调整自己的服务状态以影响游客容忍区重心变化的服务权衡管理优化建议,将对景区服务质量的提升起到重要促进作用。     

鲜切果蔬保鲜技术研究进展

鲜切果蔬因其丰富的营养,新鲜、方便的特性广受消费者欢迎,然而鲜切果蔬在加工、贮藏、销售等过程中,由于机械损伤、自身生理作用、微生物的侵染等因素易导致其变质衰老的进程加快,影响产品的货架期.本文从物理、化学、生物及果蔬贮藏新技术等方面论述了鲜切果蔬的保鲜技术,以期为今后鲜切果蔬的加工与生产提供理论依据与参考.     

内蒙古自治区农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫耦合协调分析

目的 通过对内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫耦合协调性和协调路径进行分析,旨在为内蒙古农村牧区在绿色低碳发展方式下巩固脱贫攻坚成果提供可行性的方案。方法 文章通过构建产业扶贫与生态扶贫的耦合关系模型,以2004—2019年为时间维度,进行实证分析和探讨两者耦合发展趋势,并以农牧民人均纯收入为作为衡量扶贫成效的指标,综合分析内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫的发展路径。结果 从分析结果可以看出,内蒙古农牧业产业扶贫与生态扶贫协调发展关系存在反向耦合和正向耦合两个阶段。2004—2019年内蒙古生态环境和产业发展综合指数稳定提升,且生态环境系统波动性较大,生态建设综合水平高于产业水平;15年内蒙古生态建设和产业发展耦合状态可分为4个阶段,即严重失调阶段（2004—2009年）、中度失调拮抗阶段（2010—2011年）、轻度失调磨合阶段（2012—2015年）、低水平协调阶段（2016—2019年）,并对各阶段发展特征和成因进行了深入分析;最后分析了牧民收入与三个产业增加值的灰色关联度,证明了与牧民人均纯收入灰色关联度最大是第一产业,其次是第三产业,第二产业关联性最弱;第一产业关联度基本不变并稍有下降,第二和第三产业在全产业占比逐年递增的情况下,与牧民收入的关联度却逐年下降;第二产业的关联度从2013年开始有所回升。结论 产业扶贫与生态扶贫的双轮驱动是新时代精准扶贫的新模式,二者相结合弥合了消除贫困与保护生态之间的鸿沟,体现出人与自然和谐发展的生态文明理念。二者耦合协调利于把生态文明建设与农村牧区经济发展、农牧业结构调整、农牧民增收紧密结合起来,在守住生态底线的基础上,筑牢内蒙古的发展底线。     

Detecting urban road network accessibility problems using taxi GPS data

Urban population growth and economic development have led to the creation of new communities, jobs and services at places where the existing road network might not cover or efficiently handle traffic. This generates isolated pockets of areas which are difficult to reach through the transport system. To address this accessibility problem, we have developed a novel approach to systematically examine the current urban land use and road network conditions as well as to identify poorly connected regions, using GPS data collected from taxis. This method is composed of four major steps. First, city-wide passenger travel demand patterns and travel times are modeled based on GPS trajectories. Upon this model, high density residential regions are then identified, and measures to assess accessibility of each of these places are developed. Next, the regions with the lowest level of accessibility among all the residential areas are detected, and finally the detected regions are further examined and specific transport situations are analyzed.By applying the proposed method to the Chinese city of Harbin, we have identified 20 regions that have the lowest level of accessibility by car among all the identified residential areas. A serious reachability problem to petrol stations has also been discovered, in which drivers from 92.6% of the residential areas have to travel longer than 30 min to refill their cars. Furthermore, the comparison against a baseline model reveals the capacity of the derived measures in accounting for the actual travel routes under divergent traffic conditions. The experimental results demonstrate the potential and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting car-based accessibility problems, contributing towards the development of urban road networks into a system that has better reachability and more reduced inequity.     

A factor-income approach to estimating grassland protection subsidy payments to livestock herders in Inner Mongolia,China

This paper contributes to the growing literature on land use policies designed to prevent livestock overgrazing. It offers a straightforward factor-income approach to calculating payments for ecosystem services (PES) to livestock producers who reduce or suspend grazing for the purpose of grassland restoration. Our approach requires only cross-sectional farm-level accounting data and is thus feasible where policies have either not yet been applied or specialized data is sparse, as is common in many developing regions. We apply and validate this approach with empirical analysis of sheep and goat herders in the Ulanqab prefecture in Inner Mongolia, China where herders currently receive payments in exchange for reduced grazing intensity on vulnerable land. However, observed stocking rates are still commonly higher than recommended. Our results suggest payments are currently insufficient to offset the financial loss incurred by herders who reduce their grazing intensity, a finding consistent with previous studies. Using an approach we refer to as the factor-income method, we estimate and validate new levels of recommended payments. This demonstrates how future payments could be tailored to meet the financial needs of individual herding communities using basic farm-level data.     

SARIMA damp trend grey forecasting model for airline industry

The aim of this paper is to propose a new model that improves the Damp Trend Grey Model (DTGM) with a dynamic seasonal damping factor to forecast routes passengers demand (pax) in the air transportation industry. The model is called the SARIMA Damp Trend Grey Forecasting Model (SDTGM). In the DTGM, the damp trend factor is a static smoothing factor because it does not change over time, and therefore, it cannot capture the dynamic behavior of time series data. For this reason, the modification consists in using the trend and seasonality effects of time series data to calculate a dynamic damp trend factor as time grows. The DTGM damping factor is based on the forecasted data obtained by the GM(1,1) model; otherwise, the SDTGM calculates a seasonal damping factor based on historical data using a large amount of data points for short lead-times. The SDTGM has less uncertainty than the DTGM. The simulation results show that the SDTGM captures the seasonality effect and does not allow the forecast to exponentially grow. The SDTGM forecasts more reasonable routes pax for short lead-times when having a large amount of data points than the DTGM. The United States domestic air transport market data are used to compare the performance of the DTGM against the proposed SDTGM.     

内蒙古农牧区公共产品供求失衡问题及原因探析

农牧区生产、生活消费品大多具有公共产品的性质,赋予了农牧区公共产品的供给机制均衡问题重要的研究价值.内蒙古农牧区公共产品供给政策与机制的不完善引致失衡问题.本文通过过程和实证分析,对公共产品供求均衡问题进行深入剖析,得到重要的结论:实现农牧区公共产品的有效供给和供给平衡,必须创新供给机制.