浅论中水回用及处理技术

中水回用技术是解决当前某些缺水城市水资源危机的重要途径。在简要介绍中水基本概念及国内外应用的基础上,给出了常见的水处理技术及实施技术的可行性,同时还对中水回用存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析。     

Moving off the farm and intensifying agricultural production in Shandong: a case study of rural labor market linkages in China

This study examines linkages between off-farm labor markets and the labor allocated by farmers to on-farm production of fruit crops. Using a stratified random sample of rural households in Shandong Province, we find that young and educated members of the labor force tend to work more frequently in the off-farm labor market, and that off-farm employment reduces the likelihood and intensity of fruit production. Fruit production is associated with lower levels of off-farm employment. Households and individuals who are less likely (or able) to find off-farm employment can benefit from shifting into fruit production. Although off-farm employment is an important avenue out of poverty, fruit production provides ways for the less educated and older households to raise their income.     

内蒙古林区经营模式的优势及对策研究

从理论上分析内蒙古林区经营模式在实践中的优势及实施中的不协调因素(如低效的产品差别化、市场对接脱节等),并依据内蒙古森工集团的实际情况提出构建有执行力的团队、推进科技创新等具有可行性的对策。     

论刑罚轻缓化与刑事诉讼程序

刑罚轻缓化作为世界刑法发展的潮流,必然会对中国刑法产生深远的影响。这种轻刑化、非刑罚化、非犯罪化的趋势,使传统理论中刑事责任与民事责任的严格区分受到较大的冲击,并且也将会波及到诉讼法领域当中,使所解决实体问题不同的民事诉讼与刑事诉讼程序之间的区别被缩小。而刑事诉讼程序与民事诉讼程序被拉近的结果将是,刑事诉讼程序中会被注入具有民事诉讼特征的制度,最终会使刑事诉讼程序走向更为多元化的状态。     

内蒙古牧区生态移民补偿机制的合理化研究

内蒙古生态移民不仅关系到解决日益突出的草畜矛盾,恢复草原生态系统,而且有可能从根本上改变牧民的生产和生活条件。生态移民机制良性运行将涉及到如何对生态移民的合理化补偿问题。现行补偿机制科学论证不充分,缺乏夯实的经济分析理论基础,特别是没有将非经济成本纳入成本与收益的分析之中,加之社会某些不公因素,阻碍了生态移民政策真正成为一项利国利民的系统工程。内蒙古牧区生态移民补偿机制的合理化、标准化,要求政府构建各利益主体之间的协调机制、科学完善移民补偿制度,缓解各社会利益群体矛盾,使生态移民成为能够取得实际效果的公共政策。     

Beyond absolute space: An exploration of relative and relational space in Shanghai using taxi trajectory data

The nature of urban space has long-drawn geographers' interest and David Harvey's conceptual framework of multiple spaces (i.e., absolute, relative, and relational) within cities has been widely adopted and developed. With its high spatial and temporal resolution, geospatial big data plays an increasingly important role in our understanding of urban structure. Taxi trajectory data is particularly useful in travel purpose estimation and allows for more granular insights into urban mobility due to the door-to-door nature of these trips. This article utilizes taxi trajectory data and explores the interaction among absolute space, relative space, and relational space in Harvey's framework using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Through an empirical study of Shanghai's downtown area, this paper highlights the importance of Harvey's framework in understanding cities' dynamic structure and argues for changes in urban planning and development to better coordinate land use and travel demand. We find an insignificant relationship between relative and relational space in Shanghai due to a mismatch between urban mobility and the built environment. This mismatch concentrates the transportation flow near the city's core area, transforming the polycentric structure of Shanghai's built environment in absolute space to a single-node structure in relational space. After identifying the contributing factors to this problem in Shanghai, this article suggests combining Harvey's conceptual framework of multiple spaces with geospatial big data to inform planning strategies that address the challenges of rapid urbanization.     

大学生创新能力培养初探——以南昌航空大学大学生“三小”科技活动为例

大学生创新能力的培养对国家建设创新型国家具有重要意义。文章以南昌航空大学＂三小＂科技活动来探索大学生创新能力的培养,提出在校大学生创新能力的培养应在发挥教师催化剂作用,学生团队能力培养和学校涵养学生创新品质等方面作出努力。     

天然草原综合风险评估与区划研究——基基于多重风险相互作用的视角

目的 在建立健全草原风险管理体系,保障草原生态安全和稳定草原畜牧业生产的背景下,草原保险的作用更加凸显。草原风险评估和区划作为草原保险设计的前提和基础,其准确性直接决定着草原保险条款的合理性及科学性。方法 文章利用半定量化因果关系矩阵法、HP滤波模型、多种聚类分析法和单因素方差分析法。结果 可将锡林郭勒草原分为低、中、高和极高4个风险区,各风险区间的差异显著,其中,低风险区呈现出致灾因子危险性低、承灾体脆弱性低和防灾减灾能力强的显著特点;中风险区呈现出承灾体暴露性水平高,但致灾因子危险性处于中等水平的显著特点;高风险区呈现出致灾因子危险性高,防灾减灾能力处于中等水平的典型特征;极高风险区呈现出承灾体脆弱性水平高,防灾减灾能力弱的典型特征。结论 在厘定草原保险费率时,应考虑多种风险间的交互作用,构建合理的草原风险区划图。     

Connectivity to international markets: A multi-layered network approach

Improving connectivity for freight movements between countries is increasingly a topic at the centre of the international trade and transport policy agendas. In spite of this, a method to asses a country's degree of connectivity to its international markets for freight is still missing. To close this gap, this paper proposes a multi-layered network approach that enables the assessment of: (i) the different factors that influence connectivity to international markets; and (ii) the extent to which a country's connections matter for its international trade activities. The international trade network and its ‘support network’ are analysed using network theory. The approach proposed is applied to the Americas, a region the relevant literature has not specifically focused on yet. It is expected that a comprehensive understanding and assessment of the determinants of connectivity for freight will contribute to guide and design more effective policies to remove barriers to international trade flows.     

Revealing intra-urban travel patterns and service ranges from taxi trajectories

As an important transport tool, taxi plays a significant role to meet travel demand in urban city. Understanding the travel patterns of taxis is important for addressing many urban sustainability challenges. Previous research has primarily focused on examining the statistical properties of taxi trips to characterize travel patterns, while it may be more appropriate to explore taxi service strategies on seasonal, weekly or daily time scale. Therefore, intra-urban taxi mobility is investigated by examining taxi trajectory data that were collected in Harbin, China, while 12-week corresponding to 12-month is chosen as the sampling period in our study. The multivariate spatial point pattern analysis is firstly adopted to characterize and model the spatial dependence, and infer significant positive spatial relationships between the picked up points (PUPs) and the dropped off points (DOPs). Secondly, the points of interest (POIs) are identified from DOPs using the emerging hot spot detection technique, then the taxi services and movement patterns surrounding POIs are further examined in details. Moreover, our study builds on and extends the existing work to examine the statistical regularities of trip distances, and we also validate and quantify the impacts posed by airport trips on the distance distributions. Finally, the movement-based kernel density estimation (MKDE) method is proposed to estimate taxis' service ranges within three isopleth levels (50, 75 and 95%) between summer/weekday and winter/weekend from taxi driver's perspective, and season as well as temperature factors are identified as the significant effect within certain service range levels. These results are expected to enhance current urban mobility research and suggest some interesting avenues for future research.