中国与TPP国家关税减让的宏观经济效应：基于GTAP模型的分析

采用GTAP模型,模拟分析中国与TPP国家关税减让合作的宏观经济效应.结果显示:中国与TPP国家双边关税减让会强化双边的贸易联系,其中,制造业双边关税壁垒的取消比农业双边关税壁垒取消对中国及TPP国家的对外贸易影响更大;双边关税减让将提升双边的福利水平,同时也会使中国与TPP国家的贸易不平衡进一步扩大.结果表明,考虑到单边关税减让将损害减让国福利水平,采用双边关税减让以平衡双方利益是一个可行的合作途径.     

Macroeconomic costs to large scale disruptions of food production: The case of foot- and-mouth disease in the United States

We forecast the economic consequences of a widespread contamination of the food system based on a hypothetical outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Since the immediate effect on the livestock sector could affect the entire supply chain and US livestock, meat and dairy exports, we measure these impacts using GTAP, a multi-region, multi-sector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the global economy. The immediate “shocks” to the US livestock, raw milk and other animal products sectors indirectly affect all sectors of the economy, as well as international markets and trade. We decompose these effects due to each component of the initial shocks, and estimate the importance of these shocks to the national food system for the Mid-Atlantic Region using IMPLAN. Our GTAP results indicate that losses to the USA economy would be about $11.7 billion, and with the ripple effect throughout the rest of the world including beneficiary nations (Argentina, Brazil, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand) and losers (Canada, Mexico, European Union) would be 14.1 billion. We estimate the proportion of the domestic impact affecting the Mid-Atlantic Region. Based on a regional input–output model of that region, we estimate that total losses in value added are nearly $800 million; losses in labor income total about $565 million; and there are job losses of just over 12 thousand.     

CONSTRUCTING AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-EXTENDED MULTI-REGIONAL INPUT–OUTPUT TABLE USING THE GTAP DATABASE

The use of Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis (MRIOA) for understanding global environmental problems is growing rapidly. Renewed interest in MRIOA has led to several large research projects focused on constructing detailed and accurate MRIOTs. However, very few researchers have made use of the already available and regularly updated database produced by the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). We demonstrate and discuss how the GTAP database can be converted into an MRIOT without the need for additional balancing. An illustrative example uses the GTAP-MRIO to reallocate carbon dioxide emissions from producing to consuming countries. We suggest that an MRIOT that treats international transport exogenously is adequate until more reliable data on international transport margins and emissions are available. To focus resources and refine methods, a concerted research effort is needed to compare the results of the GTAP-MRIO model with the new MRIO datasets under development.     

资本流动逆转对中国实体经济的短期影响——基于GTAP模型的模拟

运用GTAP模型模拟中国发生资本流动逆转的情景,评估在不存在银行危机的情况下不同规模的资本流动逆转对实体经济的短期影响,验证了资本流动逆转影响实体经济的论断。研究表明,资本流动逆转会使中国社会的整体福利水平受损、GDP和居民收入水平下降、贸易条件恶化、总出口增加、总进口减少,同时生产要素和各行业的产出、价格、进出口也受到影响,且该影响会随着资本流动逆转规模的增大而扩大。     

基于税收超额负担国际比较的中国税收分析

在我国税收规模连年高速增长、税收负担是否过重热议的背景下,本文使用GTAP模型,从税收超额负担的视角测算了中美等5国的税收超额负担,并对其进行分解比较,得出结论：中国的税收超额负担处于中等水平;从直接税和间接税的分类来看,中国等间接税为主体的国家适当提高直接税的比例可增加社会总体福利。     

中国-新西兰自由贸易区建设对我国乳业发展的影响

2008年4月7日《中华人民共和国政府和新西兰政府自由贸易协定》在北京正式签署。新西兰是世界乳品出口大国,也是我国乳品进口的主要供给者。本文运用GTAP模型,以2015年为基准方案,分析了中新自由贸易区建设对我国乳业发展的影响。     

Building a global database: consequences for the national I–O data

ABSTRACT

Global economic analysis requires consistent and balanced data, which necessitates the reconciliation of datasets from both national and international sources. In the case of the Global Trade Analysis Project Data Base, datasets supplied by international sources are considered preferable to national input–output (I–O) tables. As a result, the national I–O data can experience significant adjustments during the reconciliation process due to differences between the national and international datasets. The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which national I–O data change during reconciliation. The results demonstrate that the I–O data are altered by the construction process, particularly from the reconciliation of the national I–O data to the international trade and energy datasets. Closer examination reveals potential issues with both the trade and energy datasets, as well as the national I–O data – illustrating the challenges associated with reconciling data from multiple sources.     

中国区域贸易自由化战略研究

随着区域贸易自由化在全球范围内的兴起,中国参与区域贸易协定的力度在不断加大,各种可能的自由贸易协定方案都在积极的讨论之中,中国与澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、韩国、日本和南非的自由贸易协定是六个主要的方向。本文分析了中国与以上六国的贸易关系,并根据GTAP模型分析了中国与六国建立自由贸易区的经济影响。从短期看,中国有必要加强与澳大利亚、新西兰、南非三国的贸易关系;从长期看,建立自由贸易区的重点是韩国、印度、南非三国。中国在与韩国建立自由贸易区时,要重点关注自由贸易协定对纺织服装业、交通工具和其他制造业的负面冲击。     

中韩自由贸易协定经济效应的再分析 ——基于GTAP 模型研究

从2010年到2012年,韩国与美国、欧盟签署的自贸协定先后生效,中国—东盟和韩国—东盟自贸区的经济效应也逐步显现,这都使中韩两国的进出口结构和产业结构发生一定变化,进而影响到中韩自贸协定的经济效应。本文将已经生效的自贸协定的关税减让情况和中韩两国可能作为关税减让的例外部门考虑在内,采用GTAP模型对中韩自贸区的经济效应进行了再研究,从国内生产总值、进出口和生产部门3个方面比较了中韩自贸协定经济效应的变化情况,从而为我国制定相关谈判战略提供更加准确的数据支撑。