GTAP Model Analysis of the Economic Effects of an Australia–China FTA: Welfare and Sectoral Aspects

Abstract

The Australia–China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) is already in the process of being negotiated by the two governments. This paper employs the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model using Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database version 6 for a quantitative analysis of the economic effects of proposed ACFTA. Four scenarios are examined in the paper focusing on flexible and fixed current account positions within short run and long run. Equivalent variation (EV) and real consumption are used to measure the welfare effects resulting from the formation of the ACFTA. The results from the GTAP simulations show positive welfare effects for both Australia and China in all cases. Sectoral results show mixed outcomes.     

Combining quantitative and qualitative research methods to foresee the changes in the Finnish agri-food sector

This paper focuses on the benefit of using two different research methods interactively, namely the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and Delphi method. This is relevant in the current discussion in futures studies to integrate quantitative research methods with qualitative research methods. This undertaking is intended to improve and increase the depth of the knowledge base needed in decision making. We present examples on how this can be achieved and evaluate the strength and weaknesses of each method. We also discuss the benefits of combining both methods by confronting the weaknesses of the methods with the strengths of each method.     

崛起的印度经济对中国与亚洲地区的影响——基于CGE的视角

本研究利用了GTAP模型来分析印度经济的增长对于中国乃至亚洲其它地区的影响。研究发现,印度要素的增长必定给印度自身经济带来福利的增加,但绝大多数情况下给中国和亚洲其它地区带来的却是福利的损失;印度产品部门的技术进步给中国及亚洲其它国家相应部门的福利带来的影响各不相同。然而从影响的绝对程度而言,印度经济的增长对中国和亚洲其它国家影响并不是十分大。     

Economic sanctions and trade diversions in Sudan

The latest episode of the armed conflict between Northern and Southern Sudan erupted in 1983 and ended with the signing of the ＂Comprehensive Peace Agreement （CPA）＂ in 2005. The CPA allows for a referendum on independence for South Sudan in 2011. A similar scenario is possible for Darfur, where an armed conflict broke out in 2003 over demands for greater decentralization and development in the region. The peace agreement between the central government and the Eastern Sudan region continues to be fragile, and the risk of escalation of across the border spillovers of conflicts with Uganda and Chad persists. The U.S., EU, among other global players, is putting pressure on the Khartoum government to change its policies. Economic sanctions are among the tools used by the U.S. government while encouraging others follow suit. This paper investigates the response of the Sudanese economy to eliminating trade flows with the EU in the first phase and with East-Asian countries in the second. It discusses the changes in the macro-indicators, trade variables and welfare measures that would result. Moreover, it assesses the potential trade diversion and resource reallocation due to sanctions in each phase. To simulate these scenarios, detailed economic databases for Sudan, EU, East-Asian region, MENA, COMESA and the rest of the world are needed. For this purpose, GTAP Africa database and the standard GTAP model are employed. The 57 sectors of Africa database are aggregated to ten sectors including： grains and crops, livestock and meat products, mining and extraction, processed food, textiles and clothing, light manufacturing, heavy manufacturing, utilities and construction, transport and communication and other services. Moreover, the database regions are aggregated to six including Sudan, the EU, East Asia, MENA, COMESA and the Rest of the world. Results show that Sudanese trade reallocates to Asia in the first phase and to COMESA and MENA regions in the second. Sanctions exact a devastating toll on the Sudanese economy： GDP declines, trade shrinks and welfare deteriorates. The deterioration in the country＇s trade is mainly in the imports side, which justifies an improvement of the country＇s balance of trade, while welfare losses are derived by a deteriorated terms of trade and allocative efficiency.     

惩罚性关税的多重效应研究——基于GTAP模型的中美光伏产品贸易摩擦分析

本文通过美国商务部对中国输美的光伏产品征收反倾销关税所引起的贸易摩擦案件的研究,利用GTAP模型就美国该贸易保护措施对我国光伏产业及宏观经济的影响进行模拟分析,结果表明:惩罚性关税具有多重经济效应,不仅对中美两国光伏业的生产、中国光伏业的对外出口和贸易平衡带来了一定的负面冲击,对中国和世界的总福利效益也有不同程度的消极影响。本文针对GTAP的模拟结果,从可持续发展角度提出中国光伏产业的应对策略与贸易政策建议。     

ECFA对两岸经济的影响效果评估——基于GTAP模型的模拟分析

本文采用GTAP全球贸易分析模型,深入分析了两岸签署ECFA的背景框架,并基于GTAP模型从宏观经济和产业层面模拟预测了ECFA的建立对于两岸经济贸易等方面所可能造成的影响。GTAP模型的模拟结果显示,ECFA的签订推动了两岸贸易的成长,提高了两岸实际GDP的增长速度与福利水平。从产业层面看,ECFA的签订一方面对台湾的农产品出口与生产较为有利,另一方面有助于大陆更好地发挥在石油及煤炭制品、化学橡胶制品等工业品的生产与出口方面的潜力。此外,ECFA的签订通过构建自由贸易区所产生的贸易创造效应还将有效地调整与优化大陆的产业结构。大陆的工业品生产会得到拉动,而农产品生产则会受到一定程度的冲击。     

Modeling the impacts of international climate change policies in a CGE context: The use of the GTAP-E model

The anticipated implications of international environmental policy strategies are critical for the success or failure of international negotiations on climate change policies. In this paper, we discuss the complex modeling issues related to the incorporation of international environmental policy measures in one of the popular applied general equilibrium models for international trade, the so-called GTAP model. Special attention is paid to an extended version of this model addressing environmental and energy problems, viz. the GTAP-E model. Various numerical results of simulation experiments with this model at a worldwide scale will be presented. In particular, we will address the question how to include the frequently discussed instruments of International Emission Trading, Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanisms in a computable general equilibrium model such as the GTAP-E model.     

人民币升值对中国经济的影响研究:基于全球贸易分析模型的初步评估

本文使用全球贸易分析模型分析了人民币升值对中国宏观经济、出口形势和国内价格的影响。分析结果表明,从长期看人民币升值对产出、出口有着明显的负面影响,而且随着升值幅度的提高,负面影响呈现递进趋势。同时,升值对平抑国内资产价格、降低恶性通货膨胀风险有明显效果,以平抑国内资产和产品价格为政策目标的升值幅度应为高于10%、接近20%的水平。如果在人民币升值的同时存在技术进步,则不仅可以抵消人民币升值对宏观经济的负面影响,而且有利于国内经济增长方式转型。     

美国参与东亚区域合作对中国的影响研究

在亚太框架下的贸易自由化一直进展缓慢,直到最近,亚太的经济合作才出现实质性的进展。特别是美国不仅与东盟10国签订了贸易和投资框架协议,还与韩国、澳大利亚开始贸易自由协定的谈判,美国对东亚区域合作的参与度越来越高。对于中国而言,美国参与东亚的贸易自由化进程对其会有什么样的影响,是值得密切关注的。文章基于GTAP模型对美国参与东亚区域合作的路径进行模拟,并基于模拟结果分析其对中国的影响。结果表明,中国不参与东亚区域合作是弊大于利,而参与则是利大于弊。中国需要注意的问题:一是积极参与东亚区域合作是最优策略;二是要注意美国的扼制策略,积极加强自由贸易区建设。     

韩美自由贸易协定全面实施对中国经济的影响

运用GTAP模型和Walmsley动态递归法,就韩美自由贸易协定全面实施对中国在贸易规模、贸易结构、双边贸易、生产格局、GDP和福利水平等方面的经济影响进行了一般均衡模拟研究。研究表明,中国进口所受影响大于出口,贸易规模有所扩大,贸易条件略有改善;中国农产品相对薄弱,在韩国市场会受到来自美国的负面冲击,但影响不会太大;中国进出口增长主要来源于加工制造业,高科技产品所受冲击有限,依然能够有效扩大在美国的市场份额;中国服务业未有太大波动,各产业产出水平有所增长,但并不明显;中国GDP略有减少,但国民福利会有一定改善。