在华日韩企业的本土化之比较--以人才本土化为中心

全球金融危机后世界经济处于低迷状态,但中国经济依然高速、稳定增长。面对中国产业结构优化升级和市场日益成熟、逐渐扩大的投资环境,日韩企业开始调整其投资战略。但危机后,韩资企业的竞争力迅速提高,而日资企业却逐渐失去竞争力,造成这些差异的原因之一便是两国本土化能力的不同。作者分别于2007、2012、2014年对部分日韩企业进行调研,发现本土化是影响企业竞争力的一个重要因素,并具体比较分析了以人才本土化为中心的日韩企业本土化特点及实施方式。最后得出一些对我国企业和政府的启示。     

“Data localization”: The internet in the balance

There is a steady global trend towards “Data Localization,” laws by which data is required to be maintained and processed within the geographic boundaries of its state of origin. This development has raised concerns about its possible adverse impacts on emerging data-intensive technologies such as Cloud services/E-commerce, Big Data, Artificial Intelligence and the Internet of Things (collectively, the Embedded Infosphere). The inability to reach an international agreement on rules for cross-border data flows may have significant adverse consequences for all future users of the Internet.The basis of Data Localization is grounded in two distinct but inter-related policy models: Data Sovereignty and Trans-Border Data Flows. These two concepts have different origins. “Data Sovereignty” is derived from the historic power of a state of absolute and exclusive control within its geographic borders. Policies behind TBDFs arose in Europe following World War II, primarily motivated by Nazi use of early proto-computers to help round up Jews and others. As they have evolved, TBDF policies have been directed primarily at protecting personal data and privacy.This article first examines the issues of: 1) “Information Sovereignty” and 2) TBDFs. It then describes the arguments for and against “Data Localization,” offers some examples of strong localization policies (Russia, China), and summarizes contesting policy proposals. It then contextualizes TBDF with issues of human rights (free flow of information) and privacy.While the utility of an international agreement on TBDFs is clear, the differences in approaches are tenacious. For the free-market developed world (e.g, EU, OECD), the path forward seems to lead through policy convergence to compatible rules, with differentiated levels of data protection and accountability. It is far from clear whether these rules will address, in a mandatory way, issues of the “free flow” of information in the human rights sense. At the same time, there are countries (e.g., BRICS), representing a majority of the world's population, in which political and cultural resistance will produce stringent Cyber Sovereignty and Data Localization policies with few if any human rights components.The article concludes that the more the Internet is “localized”, the more attenuated its benefits will become. The negative consequences of Data Localization will become increasingly obvious as new, data-intensive technologies become ubiquitous, creating a condition of “Data Dependence”. It is projected that in the future the nations with the least amount of Data Localization and the most open flow of information will be the most successful in benefiting from new data-intensive embedded, networked technologies. This will most likely be characterized by values adopted as policies and practices in the EU.     

Overcoming localization of knowledge — the role of professional service firms

The literature on organizational learning asserts that external learning is often limited geographically and technologically. We scrutinize to what extent organizations acquire external knowledge by accessing external knowledge repositories. We argue that professional service firms (PSFs) grant access to nonlocalized knowledge repositories and thereby not only facilitate external learning but also help to overcome localization. Focusing on patent law firms, we test our predictions using a unique dataset of 544,820 pairs of European patent applications. Analyzing patterns of knowledge flows captured in patent citations, we find that accessing a PSF's repository facilitates the acquisition of external knowledge. As the effect is more pronounced for knowledge that is distant to a focal organization, we conclude that having access to a knowledge repository compensates for localization disadvantages. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于责任定位法的工业用地集约利用绩效评价 ——以江苏省盐城市为例

研究目的:通过编制盐都区工业用地绩效编码,分析绩效编码的含义对工业用地集约利用现状的解释能力,验证责任定位法是一个科学实用的绩效评价方法。研究方法:归纳分析法和实证检验法。研究结果:(1)责任定位法中每个指标代码能够真实反应相应评价指标的绩效等级,不涉及权重和综合得分问题,克服了综合评分法评价结果可比性低的特点。(2)绩效编码能够客观直观地衡量工业用地的集约利用效果,其含义与原始数据所反映的用地绩效情况相符。研究结论:(1)责任定位法具有科学性,绩效编码没有歪曲、偏离宗地绩效的实际情况。(2)责任定位法给出的宗地绩效信息具有实际使用价值,可以反应宗地绩效高低的直接原因,指导企业和管理部门采取相应措施提升用地绩效或清退低效用地。     

防恶意干扰的VANET双群联合定位算法

传统的无线定位方法直接应用于车辆自组织网络(VANET)时，会被窃听方利用定位信息，从而导致严重的安全隐患。为此，提出基于Bancroft方法的双群组合定位算法,用于保障车辆自组织网络中车辆定位的安全性和准确性。算法利用两个群组的智能车辆节点分别进行定位，利用两组解分别反求伪距值，如果所获得的伪距值与经过节点钟差修正后的原始伪距值基本一致，则认为这一组解为最终的定位结果，从而保证了定位的正确性。同时，双群定位的信息分散性保证了系统整体的安全性。理论分析及算法仿真表明,双群联合定位算法可使窃听方的误码率稳定在较高水平。     

属地化改革后民用机场运营效率的研究

属地化改革标志着航空业进入了新的发展阶段。运用DEA方法对我国30家民用机场的效率进行评估后发现,2006年以来我国机场效率明显提高,但是总体运营仍是无效的。对于不同管理形式、融资方式和企业规模的机场来说,其无效的原因和效率优化路径并不相同。这将影响我国航空业进一步改革的方向和相关政策的制定。     

《大乘大义章》与印度佛教中国化

《大乘大义章》是研究罗什与慧远佛学思想的重要著作,也是研究印度佛教思想和印度佛教中国化的重要著作。《大乘大义章》显示出罗什与慧远在佛学思想上的差别,同时也反映出中印佛教文化在本质上的不同。这两种不同文化的冲突预示着印度佛教中国化的发展方向。     

跨国公司经营中跨文化因素分析——迪士尼跨国经营所折射的文化差异和文化认同

当今世界,经济发展全球化,国与国的联系日益紧密.越来越多的大型企业集团走出国门,进行对外投资.在跨国公司的海外经营中,跨文化因素影响深远,在某些情况下决定企业经营的成败.本文通过美国迪士尼在日本和巴黎的投资经营分析其中文化冲突的成因及影响,指出跨国公司必须重视异域环境中的文化差异因素,根据文化认同度相对的高低采取不同策略,并初步探讨跨国企业的本土化经营问题.     

产业转移与承接产业转移的方式和路径

文章基于对产业转移规律的研究,介绍了产业转移的动因理论,探讨了产业转移的形式和承接方式,指出了安徽两个省级集中区承接产业转移的定位难点,为领导决策提供参考。     

双星时差频差无源定位系统定位算法工程指标分析

通过计算时差、频差测量精度,以及卫星运动引起的时差、频差变化率,提出双星时差频 差无源定位系统的信号最佳采样时间为10～100 ms。进一步推导了工程可实现的定位精 度,仿真结果表明双星系统工程可实现的定位精度约为1～3 km。研究和结论对双 星定位系统定位精度指标的论证与分解具有借鉴意义。