Country-level Accounting Enforcement and IPO Underpricing

Using a sample of up to 2,503 initial public offerings (IPOs) in 32 countries from 2011–2017, we predict and find that higher levels of country-level accounting enforcement are associated with lower levels of IPO underpricing. IPOs in countries with a relatively low accounting enforcement score (second quintile) exhibit a mean underpricing of 19%, whereas the mean underpricing amounts to just 9% in countries with a relatively high score (fourth quintile). The results remain qualitatively the same when we employ a multi-level model or a difference-in-difference design. In countries that substantially strengthened their accounting enforcement in the 2003–2009 period, the level of IPO underpricing decreased significantly. We show that accounting enforcement matters for the cost of going public.     

浅谈新课程标准下郊区中职体育教学评价模式的初探

本文针对传统的体育教学评价法方进行阐述,试图探寻一条更有利于提高中专体育课堂教学效果的评价机制。希望能在教学评价中提供有效的帮助,为中职体育教学提供更多的选择。     

工业遗产推动城市可持续更新的杰出 案例：马萨诸塞州当代艺术博物馆 MASS MoCA

中国正面临工业遗产保护和城市可持续更新的双重 挑战。分析美国工业遗产再利用与城市复兴相结合的成功案 例——马萨诸塞州当代艺术博物馆MASS MoCA。MASS MoCA是通过当代艺术,推动位置偏远的中小型后工业城市 成功转型为区域文化创意产业集群发展中心的经典案例。认 为MASS MoCA成功的方法在于共享遗产理念下城市遗产与 城市更新的相互促进,即基于价值共享、空间共享、利益共 享下的可持续更新路径。MASS MoCA的案例研究将为我国 以文化创意为导向的工业遗产再利用和中小型工业城市转型 提供借鉴。     

The association between the severity of chronic kidney disease and medical costs among patients with type 2 diabetes

Aims: Examine healthcare costs across chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages for US patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and methods: IQVIA Real World Data Adjudicated Claims linked electronic medical records and insurance claims from January 1, 2012 through March 31, 2017 were used for this retrospective study. Adults diagnosed with T2D and comorbid CKD were included. General linear models incorporating splines were constructed, and information from these regressions were used to inform the relationship between medical costs and CKD. Multivariable analyses controlled for patient characteristics, vital signs, general health, prior medication use, prior visit to specialists, index A1c, and year of index date.

Results: There were 6,645 individuals who met the study criteria. Results generally indicate sharp increases in annual total medical costs and non-drug medical costs in the 1?year post-period for patients with Stage 4 or 5 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]?≤?30?mL/min/1.73 m²) with each 1 point reduction in eGFR from 30 associated with an increase of $1,870 in all-cause total medical costs (p?<?0.0001) and $1,805 of all-cause non-drug medical costs (p?<?0.0001). Similarly, each point decline below 30?mL/min was associated annual cost increases of $1,701 for CKD-related total medical costs, $1,695 for CKD-related non-drug medical costs, $173 for diabetes-related medical costs, and $187 for diabetes-related non-drug medical costs (all p?<?0.0001).

Limitations: The investigation included only patients with medical insurance and laboratory test results, and results may not be generalizable to all T2D patients with CKD. The methodology allowed us to determine associations, not causation, and potential confounders, such as duration of diabetes, diet, exercise, or social support, could not be assessed.

Conclusions: Results indicate there are sharp and significant increases in medical costs among T2D patients with Stage 4 and 5 CKD compared to those with earlier stages of CKD.     

Bias-corrected estimates of reduction of post-surgery length of stay and corresponding cost savings through the widespread national implementation of fast-tracking after liver transplantation: a quasi-experimental study

Background: Fast-tracking is an approach adopted by Mayo Clinic in Florida’s (MCF) liver transplant (LT) program, which consists of early tracheal extubation and transfer of patients to surgical ward, eliminating a stay in the intensive care unit in select patients. Since adopting this approach in 2002, MCF has successfully fast-tracked 54.3% of patients undergoing LT.

Objectives: This study evaluated the reduction in post-operative length of stay (LOS) that resulted from the fast-tracking protocol and assessed the potential cost saving in the case of nationwide implementation.

Methods: A propensity score for fast-tracking was generated based on MCF liver transplant databases during 2011–2013. Various propensity score matching algorithms were used to form control groups from the United Network of Organ Sharing Standard Analysis and Research (STAR) file that had comparable demographic characteristics and health status to the treatment group identified in MCF. Multiple regression and matching estimators were employed for evaluation of the post-surgery LOS. The algorithm generated from the analysis was also applied to the STAR data to determine the proportion of patients in the US who could potentially be candidates for fast-tracking, and the potential savings.

Results: The effect of the fast-tracking on the post-transplant LOS was estimated at approximately from 2.5 (p-value?=?0.001) to 3.2 (p-value?Conclusion: The fast-track program was found to be effective in reducing post-transplant LOS, although the reduction appeared to be less than previously reported. Nationwide implementation of fast-tracking could result in substantial cost savings without compromising the patient outcome.     

违约风险评估模型及其实证研究

在研究结构化模型、约化模型的基础上,运用理论与实证分析相结合的研究方法,建立基于主成分分析法的我国上市公司违约风险评估模型。该模型指标体系简单,预测准确率高,具有较强的适用性。     

内地与香港CEPA经济效应的实证分析

本文从实证分析的角度出发,运用区内贸易比重、巴拉萨模型、区内贸易流量、格鲁伯-劳艾德指标等工具,对祖国内地与香港CEPA的经济效应进行系统研究。CEPA的实施对香港、祖国内地的贸易影响不尽相同,就建立区域经济一体化的成本而言,香港比内地要低。     

晚间娱乐休闲活动消费特征研究——以杭州为例

开展晚间娱乐休闲活动是延长游客逗留时间、提高市民生活质量的有效手段。本文以杭州晚间娱乐休闲活动为样本,通过问卷调查、走访、实地考察等多种方式,初步摸清杭州市民晚间娱乐休闲活动的偏好、影响因素、消费规律、满意度评价等消费特征,针对消费活动中呈现的需求特征、行为特征和趋势特征,相应提出了基于消费观念、消费环境及消费形式等不同层面的对策和建议。为发展杭州晚间娱乐休闲活动,乃至对我国旅游城市的晚间娱乐休闲活动开展有一定借鉴作用。     

Does Religion Matter? A Comparison Study of the Ethical Beliefs of Marketing Students of Religious and Secular Universities in Japan

This study was designed to examine the determinants of and differences between the ethical beliefs of two groups of Japanese students in religious and secular universities. Multiple regression analysis revealed that students of the Japanese religious university perceived that young, male, relativistic, and opportunistic students tended to behave less ethically than did older, female, and idealistic students. Students of the Japanese secular university perceived that male, achievement-oriented, and opportunistic students tended to behave less ethically than did female and experience-oriented students. Opportunism was found to be one of the most important determinants in explaining misconduct. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and multiple discriminant analysis (MDA) revealed that students of the Japanese secular university tended to score higher on achievement and humanism, and lower on theism and positivism than did students of the Japanese religious university. In addition, students of the Japanese secular university were somewhat more sensitive to academic dishonesty practices than were students of the Japanese religious university.     

一损俱损：食品安全、企业的社会责任及市场反应--以“塑化剂”事件为例

本文以酒鬼酒“塑化剂”事件为案例,运用事件研究和双重差分的方法,研究该食品安全事件对酒鬼酒及白酒行业带来的影响。结果表明：事件日后20天内酒鬼酒的累计异常收益平均下降了30％,证券市场发挥了“用脚投票”的功能,对肇事企业起到惩罚作用;此外,酒鬼酒“塑化剂”事件对整个白酒行业带来的“传染效应”大于“竞争效应”,平均意义上“塑化剂”事件使得白酒类企业的累计异常收益下降了6％,说明食品安全问题会带来一损俱损现象。