Reconceptualizing competitive dynamics: A multidimensional framework

Competitive dynamics research, despite progress, lacks a conceptual framework that can extend the field's reach to address today's environment. Increasing stakeholder power and globalization are but two of the organizational and economic forces compelling a broader conceptualization of competition. Our framework expands competitive dynamics along five dimensions—aims of competition, mode of competing, roster of actors, action toolkit, and time horizon of interaction—that prove useful for contrasting the rivalrous and competitive‐cooperative modes and a new approach we call relational competition. We draw conjectures about the moderators, such as industry and culture, that determine the appropriateness of these forms of interaction, and conclude by relating our method to three discrete perspectives: the configurational, transaction cost, and stakeholder views. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

煤炭开采与水资源利用的利益协调机制研究

采煤给煤矿企业带来高额利润的同时也会对水资源产生一定的影响. 煤水利益相关者的博弈既考验着地方决策,又关系到当地的长远发展. 通过对煤矿区煤炭开采与水资源保护的利益相关主体,即地方政府与煤炭企业、煤炭企业与水利部门等社会公众组织之间的博弈行为进行分析,试图探寻造成水资源破坏、污水治理效率低下的重要根源. 同时在理论上通过合理的逻辑推演,对相关利益部门提出政策建议.     

Stakeholder Theory and Managerial Decision-Making: Constraints and Implications of Balancing Stakeholder Interests

Stakeholder theory is widely recognized as a management theory, yet very little research has considered its implications for individual managerial decision-making. In the two studies reported here, we used stakeholder theory to examine managerial decisions about balancing stakeholder interests. Results of Study 1 suggest that indivisible resources and unequal levels of stakeholder saliency constrain managers’ efforts to balance stakeholder interests. Resource divisibility also influenced whether managers used a within-decision or an across-decision approach to balance stakeholder interests. In Study 2 we examined instrumental and normative implications of these two approaches. We conclude by considering the contributions of this research.     

Empirical Findings on Business–Society Relations in Europe

Based on a theoretical exploration in a previous article, this paper empirically analyzes which issues of SD are taken into account by corporations and stakeholders in what way, and to what extent the concept of sustainable development (SD) can be achieved through stakeholder relations management (SRM) on the corporate level. An important basis for this empirical analysis is a referential framework, which specifies 14 issues of SD. In a first empirical step, the literature-based framework has been operationalized for the business world by analyzing sustainability reports. In a second empirical step, the operationalized framework served as the basis for a survey of selected MNCs. The analyses of the sustainability reports and the survey show how MNCs deal with particular issues of SD and what role they perceive particular stakeholders play. A key conclusion of the article is that SRM indeed promotes SD, but that it is no alternative to predictable government regulation.     

利益相关者理论的经济伦理意蕴

利益相关者理论不仅是一种管理技巧,而且是一种企业和经济伦理理论。其含义是指能够影响企业或受企业决策和行为影响的个人与团体,有广义和狭义之分:广义的利益相关者以经验主义的事实为基础,集中于参与者对企业行为的影响力方面;狭义的利益相关者则以合法性原则要求为基础,合同、法律和道德义务成为确定利益相关者的依据。其伦理维度是,企业与利益相关者之间是一种相互对待、双边互求的平等的伦理关系,是一种信任伦理,要求企业尊重利益相关者的包括道德权利在内的各种权利,具有广泛的公正性。企业处理与利益相关者的关系时必须认清关系、认定权益并对社会负责。     

Purchasing Competence: A Stakeholder‐Based Framework for Chief Purchasing Officers

A specific research stream within the purchasing and supply management literature focuses on the development of purchasing competence frameworks. We apply stakeholder theory and multiple methods of data collection to develop and confirm a hierarchy‐specific purchasing competence management framework for Chief Purchasing Officers and validate it using confirmatory factor analysis on empirical data from 124 multinational companies. The results reveal a significant relationship between Chief Purchasing Officers purchasing management competence and different purchasing performance measures confirming the appropriateness of stakeholder theory for such a competence framework.     

中国物流行业企业社会责任报告体系研究

通过对中国物流行业较有代表性的两家企业的CSR报告内容分析,提出中国物流行业企业社会责任报告体系编写方法,其内容主要包括报告背景、公司治理、责任管理、责任绩效披露、第三方审验说明等。     

Stakeholders' Engagement in Promoting Sustainable Development: Businesses and Urban Forest Carbon

To better understand how businesses' motivation and support for green projects varies by their organizational objectives and characteristics, this study investigates a case of urban forestry carbon credits in a broader context of climate change mitigation efforts. Companies and organizations currently participating in the Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) were surveyed regarding their perception of consumers' concerns with climate change, attitudes toward government regulations, factors important to their emission management decisions, and their interest in buying and paying premiums for carbon credits sourced from urban forestry. Statistical analysis of the responses reveals noticeable differences among various types of business organizations. The findings are useful for understanding how businesses respond to different kinds of green products and will help in the development of green product markets. Finally, the results will help in developing effective environmental policies that respond well to businesses' objectives and preferences. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

广州琶洲地区展馆搭便车现象研究:成因及影响

广州琶洲地区由原来的城中村转换为现在的会展举办区域,在基础和配套设施尚不完善的情况下,展馆投资热情高涨,出现很多展馆搭便车现象,被业界称为馆外馆,琶洲地区因此短期内土地快速增值.文章力图解答馆外馆搭便车现象产生的理论成因,以及这种现象对广州市会展业产生的影响.该研究历时一年半的调研和70人的访谈,得到如下结论:(1)从成因来看,展馆搭便车的主要对象是广交会,而且广交会作为准公共物品,具有很强的正外部性,被搭便车不可避免；地方政府默许态度成为馆外馆搭便车现象的内化力量,同时由于广交会已经形成很强的参展制度路径依赖,使得已有的利益格局难以突破,也为搭便车者的生存创造了条件.(2)从影响来看,馆外馆搭便车现象对广州市整体会展业影响是弊大于利的,最终将影响其可持续发展.该研究是对已有研究的补充,同时对于中国展馆建设及管理也具有很强的现实意义.     

The coevolution of rent appropriation and capability development

Extant approaches to rent appropriation are static in that they explore bargaining power at a fixed point in time. This article contributes by examining how capabilities and bargaining power coevolve. As capabilities are developed, those who are favored by knowledge asymmetries make decisions that balance value creation potential against the rent appropriation regime, such as the organizational form in which the capability will be embedded. Using the example of Apple's development of the iPod, this article illustrates how stakeholders plan for rent appropriation as they assemble new capabilities—well before any value is actually created. Given that firm performance is an outcome of both capability development and rent appropriation, a robust theory must incorporate an understanding of how they coevolve. As such, the article highlights the need to integrate property rights theory with theories of value creation and governance costs as actors constantly make trade‐offs along these dimensions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.