Ethical Dilemmas in Performance Measurement

In this article we discuss the ethical dilemmas facing performance evaluators and the "evaluatees" whose performances are measured in a business context. The concepts of role morality and common morality are used to develop a framework of behaviors that are normally seen as the moral responsibilities of these actors. This framework is used to analyze, based on four empirical situations, why the implementation of a performance measurement system has not been as effective as expected. It was concluded that, in these four cases, unethical behavior (i.e. deviations from the ethical behaviors identified in the framework) provided, at least to some extent, an explanation for the lower than expected effectiveness of the performance measurement procedures. At the end of the paper we present an agenda for further research through which the framework could be further developed and systematically applied to a broader set of cases.     

微观经济行为的道德性研究

经济与道德是一个问题的两个方面,在市场经济的条件下,经济与道德之间的逻辑关联尤为显现。对此应对二者本身作价值论证。从微观经济的视角分析经济活动中的道德问题,说明经济与道德在价值层面是辩证统一、互为依存的,市场经济也是道德经济,所以推进社会主义市场经济的健康运行和发展,必须要建立起与之对应的道德上层建筑。     

2011年部分国家国民道德指数排名研究

根据已构建的国民道德指数指标体系和相关数据对2011世界部分国家的国民道德指数进行统计,并将统计结果与2010年的数据比较分析,得出如下结论:2010年和2011年的国民道德指数排名相对稳定,其中清廉指数对2011年国民道德指数影响较2010年高。     

基于道德伦理的国美控制权之争分析

现代公司治理的重要问题之一就是控制权的配置,陈晓和黄光裕两方在2010年国美电器的控制权争夺过程中除了资本和股权较量之外,抢占道德的制高点以获取投资者和媒体舆论的支持也是双方口诛笔伐攻击对方的重要手段。本文从道德伦理的角度分析陈晓和黄光裕双方的行为,比较了双方所声称的控制权配置模式所依据的公司治理理论,认为相对均衡的控制权配置应该保证股东和经理人的交易和收益分配具有激励兼容的特质,保证企业成员在追求各自利益的同时实现利他的共赢。但是,当前的控制权配置体现了股东和资本的意志,道义上的批判和道德责任不能决定控制权的配置,也不能仅仅凭借道德约束来建立现代企业制度和完善公司治理结构。     

论自我利益与社会利益间的博弈

2008年发生了太多的事件,三聚氰胺等食品安全事件、美国家乐福踩踏事件、湖南郴州腐败案等。每一个事件都不得不让人思考:人究竟需要什么?人为什么会产生这样或那样的行为?同样的需求,为何人们表现出千差万别的行为?以马斯洛需求层次理论为代表的传统理论似乎不能解释这一切。笔者尝试着通过对大量的实例分析及结合多种理论来论述人们产生这样或那样的行为是由于自我利益与社会利益间的博弈结果。     

中国传统道德的现代转换

我国新生的市场经济道德必须得到传统文化的支撑才能真正成为现实社会秩序的调节者和维护者。传统道德中的许多范畴能够为现代市场经济道德体系的建立提供宝贵的思想资料。义利观上,可以将传统的见利思义、以义制利转换成追求个人正当利益的现代市场经济道德。诚信观上,将传统的忠信、信义转换成现代公民诚信道德。     

对外经济贸易大学教师师德现状研究

本研究采用配额抽样的问卷调查法,调查了对外经济贸易大学教师的师德现状,分析了师德存在的问题及原因,并提出相应的建议。     

论市场经济与诚信服务

改革开放以来,我国社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立和完善,特别是加入世贸组织,给我国经济发展带来了新的机遇,也给我国企业带来了新的机遇。在市场经济中,尤其是在我国社会主义市场经济条件下,企业必须高度重视诚信服务,努力培育诚信理念,引导职工树立诚信服务意识,大力营造诚信服务的氛围,建立诚信服务监管体系,确保企业的稳定与和谐发展。     

Power, Self-regulation and the Moralization of Behavior

The perception of behavior as a moral or conventional concern can be influenced by contextual variables, including status and power differences. We propose that social processes and in particular social role enactment through the exercise of power will psychologically motivate moralization. Punishing or rewarding others creates a moral dilemma that can be resolved by externalizing causation to incontrovertible moral rules. Legitimate power related to structure and position can carry moral weight but may not influence the power holder’s perceptions of rules and general norms of behavior. Social identity theory suggests moralization could be promoted by a concern for shared, defining values. However, the tendency to moralize another’s behavior can be injurious to shared identity. We explored white-collar employees’ perceptions of several categories of noxious or deviant workplace behaviors and regressed these perceptions on the tendency to use legitimate, referent, or reward and punish power; social identity; and the interaction of social identity and power, in particular legitimate power. Only the tendency to influence others through punishment or reward predicted moralization. Alternative causal explanations for the findings were addressed through the absence of any relationships between punishment and reward power and perceptions of deviant behaviors as wrong, upsetting, or requiring punishment. We discuss these results in the context of self and social processes, the social construction of morals and power, and the impact of managers’ behavior on group or organizational ethics.