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61.
In this paper, data envelopment analysis (DEA) techniques are applied to the French nursing home industry in order to address two policy issues. The first involves nursing home size and returns to scale, while the second deals with the potential effects of a change in nursing home reimbursement from a flat rate to one based on the severity of case-mix. To accomplish this, our analysis expands on the existing nursing home literature to analyze technical and allocative efficiency along with budget-constrained models rather than the more common direct input-based distance function. Technical efficiency is evaluated via an indirect output distance function while allocative output efficiency is computed with a cost indirect revenue function. The findings suggest that system-wide efficiency and equity may result from coming reforms since payments would more accurately reflect resource use. 相似文献
62.
Bonne J. H. Zijlstra Marijtje A. J. van Duijn Tom A. B. Snijders 《Statistica Neerlandica》2005,59(1):107-118
With the development of an MCMC algorithm, Bayesian model selection for the p 2 model for directed graphs has become possible. This paper presents an empirical exploration in using approximate Bayes factors for model selection. For a social network of Dutch secondary school pupils from different ethnic backgrounds it is investigated whether pupils report that they receive more emotional support from within their own ethnic group. Approximated Bayes factors seem to work, but considerable margins of error have to be reckoned with. 相似文献
63.
以第三方物流企业的实际需求为例,给出了适合该第三方物流企业商业运作流程的物流信息系统整体解决方案,包括基于J2EE系统技术架构、系统功能、网络体系结构、系统接口等.该解决方案适用于目前大多数的第三方物流企业. 相似文献
64.
65.
Gottfried Haber Reinhard Neck Warwick J. McKibbin 《International Advances in Economic Research》2006,12(1):1-15
In this paper, we analyze the reactions of European economies to a fiscal policy strategy aiming at diminishing the public sector. Within the framework of the MSG3 model, a macroeconomic model of the world economy, we perform several simulation experiments to explore the effects of reducing government expenditures permanently in different phases of the business cycle. For this purpose, we combine the fiscal contraction with negative and positive, Euro Area-wide and global, supply and demand shocks. It turns out that adverse Keynesian effects on output and employment tend to be mostly weak and short-lived, whereas long-run effects on output and employment are favorable. Due to these long-run effects, the fiscal contraction policy raises welfare as measured by an asymmetric quadratic objective function. The size of these welfare effects depends on the initial situation in a non-trivial manner. 相似文献
66.
We document the substantial process of structural transformation—the reallocation of labor between agriculture, manufacturing,
and services—and aggregate productivity growth undergone by Portugal between 1956 and 1995. We assess the quantitative role
of sectoral labor productivity in accounting for these processes. We calibrate a model of the structural transformation to
data for the United States and use the model to gain insight into the factors driving the structural transformation and aggregate
productivity growth in Portugal. The model implies that Portugal features low and roughly constant relative productivity in
agriculture and services (around 22%) and a modest but growing relative productivity in manufacturing (from 44 to 110%). We
find that productivity growth in manufacturing accounts for most of the reduction of the aggregate productivity gap with the
United States and that a further closing of this gap can only be accomplished via improvements in the relative productivity
of services.
This paper was written while the authors were affiliated with the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. We would like to thank
the editor, two anonymous referees, and participants at the Third Conference on Portuguese Economic Development in the European
Context organized by the Bank of Portugal for their comments. All errors are our own. 相似文献
67.
In this paper we suggest that the dual role played by the IMF, as a creditor and as a monitor of economic reforms, might explain the lack of credibility of the Fund threat of sanctioning non-compliance with conditionality. Specifically, we show that the IMF's desire to preserve its reputation as a good monitor may distort its lending decisions towards some laxity. Moreover, such distortionary incentives may be exacerbated by the length of the relationship between a country and the Fund. Estimating a dynamic panel of 53 middle-income countries, for the period 1982–2001, we find that a longer relationship does increase IMF disbursements. 相似文献
68.
Oded Stark 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2004,14(1):37-42
We offer a game-theoretic proof of Hamiltons rule for the spread of altruism. For a simple case of siblings, we show that the rule can be derived as the outcome of a one-shot prisoners dilemma game between siblings.JEL Classification:
A13, C70, D64Correspondence to: Oded Stark, ZEF, University of Bonn, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 53113 Bonn, GermanyWe are indebted to an anonymous referee and to Uwe Cantner for helpful comments and suggestions. Partial financial support from the National Institute on Aging (grant RO1-AG13037) and from the Humboldt Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
69.
Distribution Dynamics of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Emissions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper uses nonparametric methods to examine the convergence in CO2 emissions per capita on a sample of 100 countries for the period 1966–1996. Industrial countries show a convergence pattern.
However, there is little evidence of convergence for the whole sample. 相似文献
70.
Summary. An economy with two dates is considered, one state at the first date and a finite number of states at the last date. Shareholders determine production plans by voting - one share, one vote - and at
-majority stable stock market equilibria, alternative production plans are supported by at most
percent of the shareholders. It is shown that a
-majority stable stock market equilibrium exists if
where S is the number of states at the last date and J is the number of firms. Moreover, an example shows that
-majority stable stock market equilibria need not exist for smaller
s.Received: 23 December 2002, Revised: 14 June 2004, JEL Classification Numbers:
D21, D52, D71, G39.
Correspondence to: Hervé CrésThe authors are grateful to an anonymous referee for helpful comments and suggestions. Financial support from the Danish Research Councils and hospitality of HEC is gratefully acknowledged by Mich Tvede and support from Fondation HEC is gratefully acknowledged by Hervé Crés. 相似文献