多元化经营的“4W”

借鉴国内外企业实施多元化经营的成功经验与失败教训,从培养企业核心能力出发,阐述了正确决策和实施多元化经营的几个关键问题,即4W（why、when、where和what）,指出正确的多元化经营战略同样有利于企业核心能力的培养。     

Local elections and consumption insurance

During our sample period from 1987 to 2002, Chinese villages completed the transition from government‐appointed village leaders to elected ones. This article examines if and how much democratic elections of the village leaders affected consumption insurance by Chinese village residents. Exploring a panel dataset of 1,400 households from this period, we find that consumption insurance is around 20 percent more complete with elected village leaders. Furthermore, local elections improve consumption insurance only for the poor and middle‐income farmers, but not for the rich. The results are robust when we allow for pretrending, potential endogeneity of elections, and higher measurement errors for rich residents. We also find that the effects on consumption insurance are stronger when closer to the upcoming election year and when the village committees consist largely of non‐Communist Party members. These findings suggest that the election effects on consumption insurance partly come from increasing accountability to local constituents.     

Earnings inequality and the informal economy

We analyse the extent and evolution of informality and inequality in the Serbian labour market between 2002 and 2007, using data from the Living Standard Measurement Surveys. Two surprising results emerge. First, the level of informal employment has risen significantly over the period, despite strong economic growth and the introduction of a range of market‐oriented reforms. Secondly, the level of inequality in earnings seems to have remained more or less constant over the period, in contrast to the experience of other countries at a similar stage of transition. We show that informal employees earn significantly less than those in the formal sector, controlling for a range of other variables, and informality plays an increasingly important role in explaining earnings inequality.     

未来移动通信发展趋势浅析

随着目前TD-SCDMA技术商用化的开始，我国手机用户将感受到TD—SCDMA技术给我们带来的便捷，但同时TD—SODMA技术目前的不足与缺陷将成为推动4G（TDD—LTE）技术的不断成熟，我们相信4G将成为未来移动通信领域的主导技术，会使我们未来生活更加美好。     

WHERE ARE THE WOMEN? GENDER,LABOR, AND DISCOURSE IN THE NOIDA EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE AND DELHI

Abstract

Export processing zones (EPZs) are like islands of globalization. Much of the literature on EPZs and export-oriented industries (EOIs) notes a preponderance of women who are constructed as “cheap,” “nimble fingered,” and “docile” labor. This literature is dominated by socialist feminist thinkers, and this paper argues that there is a need to incorporate the insights of postmodern feminist thinkers. The article focuses on the role that language, discourse, and subjectivity play in the gendering process in handmade jewelry production in the Noida Export Processing Zone (NEPZ) and in the ranch production units related by common ownership in Delhi, India. It thus gives “voices” to women and men, and brings out their agency in structuring the labor market. The study confirms that gender division of labor is a product of discursive and material practices that are reproduced through discourses into which different actors invest, and that feed into the gendered subjective identities of these actors.     

基于4C理论的汽车营销6C模型研究

随着我国汽车行业的迅猛发展,汽车产品和品牌日益丰富,客户需求也日益提高,我国汽车产业的格局发生了巨大的变化。目前,我国汽车营销正处于"大洗牌"的时期,在这一时期中,为了寻求发展,很多汽车企业都引入了市场营销中广为流传的4C理论。但是随着这一理论的广泛引用,很多内容已经不适用于当今汽车营销的发展。因此,需要对这一理论进行完善。在这一背景下,笔者提出了汽车营销的6C模型。     

The Emergence of Second‐Tier Auditors in the US: Evidence from Investor Perceptions of Financial Reporting Credibility

We examine changes in the association between auditor type (Big 4, Second‐Tier, and Other non‐Big 4) and perceived financial reporting credibility in the wake of events (e.g., Andersen's failure, the implementation of SOX, creation of the PCAOB, etc.) which led to significant growth in Second‐Tier client portfolios and increased scrutiny of Second‐Tier audit practices. Our results reveal that financial reporting credibility of Second‐Tier clients was lower than that of Big 4 clients and was indistinguishable from that of Other non‐Big 4 clients pre‐Andersen. However, post‐Andersen, we find that financial reporting credibility of Second‐Tier clients is higher than that of Other non‐Big 4 clients and is indistinguishable from that of Big 4 clients. We expect that our results will be of interest to regulators, both in the United States and in the European Union, who have expressed concerns about the current state of competition in the audit market, management and boards of directors that are contemplating switching to a Second‐Tier audit firm, and academics investigating quality differences among audit firm types.     

4PL模式下基于时间资源调度的供应成本优化研究

订单时间是影响供应成本的主要因素,合理的进行时间资源调度更是供应成本优化的关键所在。现有的第四方物流(Fourth Party Logistics,4PL)路径优化研究只关注物流环节的时间和成本因素,没有与物流上一环节的整合。本文提出将4PL服务拓展到客户的生产环节,在供应商的生产时间窗约束下,构建模型得到生产时间与物流时间的最优组合方案使供应商供应成本最低。最后基于一个实例的分析,验证了该模型能有效帮助4PL为客户提供最优供应方案。     

Nominal exchange rate volatility,relative price volatility,and the real exchange rate

We model real exchange rate, nominal exchange rate, and relative price volatility using real and nominal factors. We analyze these volatility measures across developing and industrialized countries. We find that the inclusion of nominal factors achieves a sizable reduction in the real exchange rate volatility spread between developing and industrialized countries. In addition, we find that nominal factors matter to real exchange rate volatility in the short run and the long run, and that for developing countries, a higher share of real exchange rate volatility stems from relative price volatility.