IMPORTED SKILL‐BIASED TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

This paper discusses the occurrence of skill‐enhancing technology import, namely, the relationship between imports of embodied technology and widening skill‐based employment differentials in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Generalized method of moments (GMM) techniques are applied to an original panel dataset comprising 28 manufacturing sectors for 23 countries over a decade. Econometric results provide robust evidence of the determinants of widening employment differentials in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In particular, the proposed empirical evidence indicates capital–skill complementarity as a possible source of skill bias, while imported skill‐enhancing technology emerges as an additional driver of increasing demand for the skilled workers in these countries.     

新常态下产业结构变动与经济增长——基于省级动态面板数据的GMM方法

新常态下,正确处理好稳增长与调结构的关系,有重要的政策含义。文章通过构建NAV、MLI两个不同的产业结构变动指数,基于省级1993-2013年的面板数据,运用GMM方法进行了实证检验。结果表明：从全国范围来看,短期内,产业结构变动与经济增长之间存在双向格兰杰因果关系,而较长时期内,仅存在经济增长到产业结构变动的单向格兰杰因果关系。其次,从省级层面来看,产业结构变动与经济增长之间的格兰杰因果关系表现出很大的异质性。基于此结论,文章认为,产业政策并不具有较长时期有效性,产业政策的制定需要视期限、地区的不同而择机、择时制定;同时,要规避产业政策缺陷带来的不足,规避“结构负利”的出现。     

金融资源错配阻碍了中国的经济增长吗

本文利用我国1995—2005年的省际面板数据对经济增长和引起经济增长的质和量的因素进行了实证研究,通过选择表现中国金融资源错配现象的金融发展变量,研究了它们与经济增长及其主要组成部分——资本积累和全要素生产率之间的关系。研究表明,由于中国目前的金融体系存在严重的金融资源错配现象,这使得现有的金融体制并没有很好地完成优化资金配置从而为优化生产要素配置的功能,反而对经济增长产生牵制作用。而标示中国金融市场化程度的变量与经济增长、资本积累和全要素生产率存在积极关系。造成这种现象的原因主要在于中国的金融在很大程度上仍然是一种支持国有企业的政府控制性金融。     

Trading volume and returns relationship in SET50 index futures market

This study investigates the relationship between trading volume and returns in SET50 index Futures market in the period from April 2006 to December 2008 using 653 observations. From previous studies, we include three methodologies namely the GARCH model, the Generalized Method of Moments （GMM） to estimate systems of equations and the Granger causality test to investigate the relationship more thoroughly. In addition, we introduce the lagged volume as a new explanatory variable in the GARCH model. Overall, the results show the significant contemporaneous and dynamic relationships between trading volume and returns volatility which support the sequential information arrival hypothesis and imply some degree of market inefficiency. The results from this study also show that past information of trading volume can be used to improve the prediction of price volatility. Therefore, regulators and traders could include past information of trading volume of SET50 index futures in tracking and monitoring the market volatility level and the investment risk in order to make a timely decision.     

Intellectual property rights protection and recorded music sales��focus on 26 OECD countries panel data

This thesis mainly studies the relationship between intellectual property rights protection and recorded music sales by use of 26 OECD countries panel data from 2000 to 2007. Following Png and Wang (2006), the production equation of recorded music is developed. Meanwhile, the author introduces other independent variables such as per capita GDP, employment rate and R&D, population and economic openness. The econometric methods consist of two way fixed effects method, Arellano-Bond dynamic panel-data estimation and dynamic panel-data estimation, one-step difference GMM (generalized method of moments) by use of Stata 10.0. The findings are as followings: Intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection exerts positive effect on recorded music sales, and the influencing coefficient is at the range of 0.815 to 0.915. Meanwhile, economic openness also has positive influence. The studying results suggest that IPRs protection can reinforce the sale of recorded music, and it is very urgent to enhance IPRs protection.     

美国金融危机对中国出口贸易的影响

本文选取中国与G7国家双边贸易数据,构建动态面板数据模型,实证分析了美国金融危机对中国出口贸易的影响。结果表明,美国金融危机导致G7国家经济陷入衰退,失业率上升、金融市场动荡和国内需求萎缩,由此带来的贸易传播效应给中国出口贸易带来了较为严重的负面影响。从具体的传递渠道来看,G7国家实际GDP指数下降、股票价格指数下跌和人民币实际汇率的波动对中国出口贸易的负面影响较为显著;而G7国家失业率增加对中国出口贸易的影响较小且并不显著。     

我国金融发展对国际贸易的影响及区域差异——基于跨省面板数据的协整分析和广义矩估计

本文针对有关我国金融发展影响国际贸易的现有研究只重视国家层面、忽视区域差异的事实,基于跨省面板数据,运用面板协整理论和广义矩估计方法,不仅就全国整体,更深入东、中、西部区域内部实证分析了我国金融发展对国际贸易影响的长期均衡和短期动态影响。结果表明:无论是在长期,还是在短期,全国金融发展对进、出口都有着显著的促进作用,但在不同区域,其影响差异显著。其中,东部地区金融发展对进出口的长期促进作用明显大于中、西部地区;而短期内,虽然东部金融发展促进了进出口,但中、西部金融发展却不同程度地制约了进出口的发展。     

Does Country Risk Promote the Informal Economy? A Cross-National Panel Data Estimation

This article investigates whether country risk plays an important role in determining the size of the informal economy. Using annualized panel data for a sample of 131 countries and regions covering 1999–2007, and controlling for a set of control variables, we find that country risk is a robust and significant determinant of the informal economy: a 1% increase in the country risk rating (decrease in the country risk) causes a 0.1% fall in the informal economy, and political risk has the largest effect, followed by economic risk. Moreover, the estimation results provide little evidence in support of an inverted-U relationship between urbanization and the share of the informal sector, which shed new light on the urbanization-the informal economy nexus.     

How foreign direct investment affects CO2 emission levels in the Chinese manufacturing industry: Evidence from panel data

This study explores how inflows of foreign direct investment (FDI) affect a country’s carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission levels. To investigate this relationship, we use panel data (2002–2015) from the 28 subsectors of the Chinese manufacturing sector. We also perform panel framework analysis to verify the characteristics of the panel data before establishing the panel estimator meant to test the relationships between carbon dioxide emissions, FDI inflows, industrial GDP, industry openness, net domestic fixed capital stock and cleaner production. The results of the panel framework analysis suggest the need to eliminate dynamic panel bias and produce more efficient and consistent parameter estimates. To do so, we use System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimators with time dummies. Ultimately, the results of the analysis show that FDI is a positive predictor of environmental quality in the host country, which serves as evidence of the halo effect that FDI reduces CO₂ emission levels. The study also finds evidence that industrial GDP and cleaner production improve environmental quality. However, the domestic capital stock has a negative effect on environmental quality. By showing that past carbon dioxide emissions significantly influence current emissions, our findings demonstrate the importance of consistency and persistence in efforts to reduce those emissions. Accordingly, we discuss some policy implications based on these results.