企业所有制结构与区域工业污染——基于我国2003～2009年的省级面板数据研究

本文采用广义矩估计(GMM)法,选取我国2003～2009年的省级面板数据,对国有企业、私营企业和外商港澳台企业与区域工业污染之间的关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明:国有企业、私营企业和外商港澳台企业的环境污染效应均为正,这三类企业的发展均会导致环境状况恶化;征收排污税可以改善环境,而工业污染源治理资金的投入却并未带来相应的环保效益。     

中国人口老龄化与碳排放的关系——基于因素分解和动态面板的实证分析

利用中国1990～2008年全国层面和1995～2008年省级层面的数据,分别采用LMDI因素分解法和动态面板的GMM估计方法,对中国人口老龄化与碳排放之间的关系进行了考察。全国层面的因素分解结果表明,老龄化是中国近年来人均碳排放增加的重要原因。动态面板模型的估计结果表明,老龄化与碳排放之间存在显著的倒U型曲线关系。对老龄化不同影响渠道的研究则表明,当前老龄化主要是通过生产渠道对碳排放的增加产生促进作用,而消费渠道的影响很不明显。     

中国城市化进程与省域经济增长的实证分析—基于19892009年29个省份的面板数据

基于1989-2009年中国29个省市区的面板数据,利用面板单位根检验和协整检验和面板回归分析对我国城市化和经济增长的关系进行分析。结果显示：在短期内,城市化能够有效的促进经济增长,而在长期内,城市化对经济的作用并不明显。并且根据结论对我国城市化进程提出了相关建议。     

中国工业水污染的理论研究与实证检验

随着我国经济社会的发展及工业化水平的提高,大量的工业废水未经处理直接排入河流,这对水资源造成严重的污染,而征税、管制或者排污权交易等治理污染手段没能够有效遏制我国水质继续恶化的趋势。通过剖析我国工业水污染产生的内在原因,提出我国工业水污染是地方政府、企业和公众在政治市场上博弈的结果假说。采用1997年—2008年我国30个省市的动态面板数据,利用广义矩(GMM)方法对政府-企业-公众的博弈模型进行环境污染实证检验,得出地方政府与企业的合谋是导致工业水污染的重要因素的结论。     

A dynamic panel analysis of urban metro demand

A dynamic panel model is used to estimate the effect that fares, income and quality of service have on demand for a sample of 22 urban metros. The estimated price elasticity is −0.05 in the short run and −0.33 in the long run. The estimated long run income elasticity is small but positive (0.18), indicating that metros are perceived as normal goods. The quality of service elasticities are positive and substantially higher than the absolute value of fare elasticities. The implication is that quality of service improvements, rather than fare reductions, may be more effective in increasing metro patronage.     

环境规制对中国对外直接投资的影响——基于中国省际动态面板数据的实证分析

基于2004—2015年中国省际面板数据,采用动态系统GMM估计方法,考察了环境规制对中国对外直接投资(OFDI)的影响。基于全国样本的回归结果表明:正式环境规制对OFDI具有显著的负向作用,但非正式环境规制对OFDI具有显著的正向作用。分区域回归结果显示:环境规制对OFDI的影响存在区域差异。具体而言:正式环境规制对东、西部地区的OFDI具有显著的负向影响,对中部地区的OFDI具有促进作用;非正式环境规制对中、西部地区的OFDI具有显著的正向影响,而对东部地区OFDI的影响不显著。指出:政府需要根据区域经济差异对不同动机的OFDI提供相应的配套服务。     

Rights,governance, and foreign direct investment: an industry-level assessment

Theories of multinational enterprises emphasize that foreign direct investment (FDI) is undertaken in different industries for different reasons, yet studies of the effects of rights and governance on FDI generally rely on aggregate-level FDI data. This paper evaluates US FDI outflows to 15 industries (eight manufacturing, seven non-manufacturing) in 54 countries in a linear dynamic panel data gravity FDI model using a ‘system’ generalized method of moments estimator and several widely used rights and governance indexes. At the aggregate level, we estimate that stronger rights and governance have a positive effect on FDI, consistent with most prior studies. At the industry level, we estimate larger positive effects of rights and governance on FDI for service than manufacturing industries, particularly for the information and the finance and insurance industries.     

Limit theory for panel data models with cross sectional dependence and sequential exogeneity

The paper derives a general Central Limit Theorem (CLT) and asymptotic distributions for sample moments related to panel data models with large n$n$. The results allow for the data to be cross sectionally dependent, while at the same time allowing the regressors to be only sequentially rather than strictly exogenous. The setup is sufficiently general to accommodate situations where cross sectional dependence stems from spatial interactions and/or from the presence of common factors. The latter leads to the need for random norming. The limit theorem for sample moments is derived by showing that the moment conditions can be recast such that a martingale difference array central limit theorem can be applied. We prove such a central limit theorem by first extending results for stable convergence in Hall and Heyde (1980) to non-nested martingale arrays relevant for our applications. We illustrate our result by establishing a generalized estimation theory for GMM estimators of a fixed effect panel model without imposing i.i.d. or strict exogeneity conditions. We also discuss a class of Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimators that can be analyzed using our CLT.     

通胀的成本因素、传导机制及其区域差异——基于中国省际面板数据的实证研究

以1996～2010年我国企业生产要素和劳动力成本的面板数据,对国内成本推动型通胀的影响因素从传导机制、地区差异等方面进行了较为深入的探索性研究。研究发现,1996～2010年间劳动力工资和国际大宗商品价格是推动中国通胀的两大重要成本因素。其中,国际大宗商品价格主要通过企业生产要素价格推高我国通胀,而国际油价则通过企业劳动力成本推动国内通胀;另外中、西部地区通胀来自劳动力成本的压力较为明显,但东部地区压力相对较小;同时中部地区通胀能够有效地避免国际大宗商品价格的冲击,而东、西部地区通胀却遭受较为严重的大宗商品价格冲击。     

Engineering robust instruments for GMM estimation of panel data regression models with errors in variables: a note

Econometricians have long recognized the need to account in some way for measurement errors, specification errors and endogeneity to ensure that the ordinary least squares estimator is consistent. This article introduces a new generalized method of moments estimator that relies on robust instruments to estimate panel data regression models containing errors in variables. We show how this GMM approach can be generalized for the panel data framework using higher moments and cumulants as instruments. The new instruments, engineered for greater robustness, are proposed to tackle the pervasive problem of weak instruments.