新医改环境下中小药品流通企业生存空间研究

通过DEA分析发现我国药品流通企业目前并不具备明显的规模效率,低集中度有其阶段必然性,这一发现为中小药品流通企业的生存提供了理论依据,因此,我国当前的现实选择应首先培育长尾市场结构,并逐步提高集中度,最终实现短尾市场结构。     

Achieving sustained competitive advantage in retail and consumer service firms: The role of entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial bricolage

The vital role of entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial bricolage in creating sustained competitive advantage in retail and consumer service firms is increasingly acknowledged in modern markets. Using data from 246 retail and consumer service firms (hereafter R&CSFs) in Japan, this paper develops and empirically tests a framework delineating how entrepreneurial-oriented R&CSFs strategically combine existing resources while managing risks to differentiate their service portfolios to be competitive. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial bricolage influence differentiation advantage and risk management, which, in turn, is associated with creating a sustained competitive advantage (hereafter SCA). This paper adds novel insights to the dynamic capabilities view and retail and service marketing literature by identifying entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial bricolage, and risk management as dynamic capabilities, which allows R&CSFs to create service innovations in resource-constrained environments.     

民族演艺产业中“差异性”与“共享性”策略——以《云南映象》为例

民族演艺产品的"差异性"优势与"共享性"价值在跨文化交流中具有独特的生命力和艺术魅力。作为演艺产业中经典品牌的《云南映象》在国际演艺市场上的"差异化"策略体现在产生土壤、艺术元素、演职人员和品牌设计中"原生态"理念的运用,使得产品在跨文化交往中以"差异性"优势获得消费的空间。《云南映象》的"共享性"价值体现在产品主题、文化价值、艺术形式和国际定位与国际市场的结合,使它能够突破国家、种族等的限制,从而在国际市场上受到观众的喜爱和认可。     

Strategic Decision Making for the Triple Bottom Line

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a mandate for strategic managers and is often an important element of a differentiation strategy, but there is little research on how managers can make socially responsible decisions within the context of competitive strategy. In this study we explain how data envelopment analysis (DEA) results can be used to determine the trade‐offs inherent in managing the triple bottom line of profits, people and the planet. Once the trade‐offs are well understood, managers can implement sustainable competitive strategies that incorporate socially responsible decisions. Using public data from the electric power generation industry, we demonstrate how DEA can be utilized to determine the trade‐offs between efficiency, costs and pollution reduction, allowing managers to make and champion socially responsible decisions. We discuss the general applicability of our method for making strategic decisions incorporating the triple bottom line. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

中国商业银行市场结构与产品差异化关系分析

我国商业银行业市场结构寡占程度较高,产品差异化不显著,顾客在选择银行产品时首先考虑的是得到服务的便利程度,网点数量的多寡在很大程度上就决定了客户的选择。中小型银行无法大规模铺设网点,只能通过价格竞争争取市场份额,市场上出现＂伯川德悖论＂。但是一旦在市场上引入了产品差异化,只要差异化的效率足够高,就能避免恶性价格竞争,并通过差异化获取更大的市场份额,使银行业市场结构发生变动。因此政府可以通过鼓励中小型银行推行产品差异化战略对银行业的市场结构做出调整。     

跨国零售企业在华竞争战略选择的影响因素——理论解释与经验证据

本文探讨了跨国零售企业在华竞争战略选择的影响因素,可以分为企业资源、核心能力、东道国环境三类。企业资源包括资金资源、国际化经验、声誉资源、与供应商的关系资源、文化类资源;核心能力元素包括供应链管理、组织管理、零售理念创新、人力资源管理、信息技术;东道国环境主要涉及当地消费环境和竞争环境。这些因素对跨国零售企业在华成本领先战略、差异化战略、混合战略的实施产生了不同的影响。     

差异性农村金融服务:基于农民收入视角的分析——以吉林省四平市为例

"十一五"期间,我国农村居民人均收入有了显著提高,在促进农民持续增收的诸多因素中,金融发挥着不可替代的作用。但其农村金融在发展过程中,也存在着许多新情况、新问题。本文拟从农民收入变化的视角审视差异性农村金融需求与服务,进而研究探索出转变金融投资方式、完善金融服务体系,促进农民增收的思路和对策。     

The decision to invest in a low-wage country: Evidence from Italian textiles and clothing multinationals

In this paper we investigate the firm-specific factors that account for the decision to invest in low-wage countries on the part of Italian firms in the textiles and clothing sector. This analysis is motivated by the fact that our survey data show, between 1990 and 1997, a decline of average employment in parent companies, while that in subsidiaries grew substantially. However, correlation and regression analysis show that employment in parent companies that invested in low-wage countries only seems to be negatively related with employment abroad. Our hypothesis is that investments in cheap labour countries are mainly cost-driven and are undertaken by firms that focus on a low-quality, low-cost strategy. We test this hypothesis through a probit analysis. The evidence suggests that investments to cheap labour countries are more likely to be of a vertical type, being relatively more labour-intensive compared with the parent company. Our hypothesis seems to be confirmed empirically. Investments in low-wage countries are more likely to generate abundant intra-firm trade and to be undertaken by firms with low shares of skilled employment.     

Product Quality,Cost Asymmetry and the Welfare Loss of Oligopoly

When competition is tough, firms which do not implement the least expensive technology are forced to exit, or the low cost firms are able to increase their market share. Persistent cost or profit differences require some form of restricted entry, specific intangible assets or oligopolistic co-ordination. If technology or skills is easy to transfer but it is not transferred because of collusion, we have to add a cost side effect ('the staircase')stemming from the non-proliferation of the best technology- to the well-known demand side loss ('the triangle'). This paper presents a model with vertical product differentiation and develops a method which disentangles cost differences coming from vertical product differences and those coming from other sources. Data for the paper industry in the EU, in the US and in Japan indicate that cost differences are large. If at least some part of them comes from oligopolistic co-ordination, then the welfare loss of oligopoly is much larger than the usually measured demand side welfare loss.     

Quasi-Partnerships in Distribution

This paper concerns the sale of a vertically differentiated good by a manufacturer to retailers that have market power when reselling to consumers. The contractual relationships between the manufacturer and individual retailers are characterized as “quasi-partnerships,” reflecting the ongoing and multi-dimensional nature of such relationships. Contractual terms are predicted by the Nash bargaining solution and are distinguished from those in an ordinary bilateral monopoly because they make allowance for competing, vertically differentiated brands. The model predicts that differences in retailers’ ability to promote the manufacturer’s brand induce prices that vary systematically with the manufacturer’s market share of retailers’ sales.