宁波港口物流业差异化发展对策

宁波作为东南沿海重要的港口城市,港口物流业已成为物流业发展的亮点和突破口。本文通过对宁波物流业发展的现状分析,结合国内外著名港口的发展情况,探寻出宁波发展物流产业的潜力和优势,提出因地制宜地发展宁波物流产业的对策。在广泛调研宁波物流业发展的具体模式的基础上,与国内外著名港口城市物流业发展的情况进行对比分析,总结出以港口物流为支撑的宁波物流业发展的总体趋势,进而结合宁波交通、信息、基础设施、产业等潜力资源,提出了差异性的发展宁波市港口物流业对策。     

Strategic Investment Decisions under Uncertainty,Tacit Collusion and Product Differentiation

This paper examines the effects of uncertainty, tacit collusion and product differentiation on strategic investment policy. The model demonstrates the equilibrium under competitive investments and under cooperative investments. In competitive investments, two firms compete by investing to preempt each other, and ultimately one firm invests earlier than its rival. In cooperative investments, two firms invest simultaneously and collude on their outputs. Cooperative investments are likely to be sustainable only under conditions of high volatility of future demand, low probability of market extinction and high degree of product differentiation, while competitive investments are sustainable for any set of these parametric values.     

You’re the Only One,or Simply the Best. Hotels differentiation,competition, agglomeration,and pricing

Drawing on competition, signalling and agglomeration perspectives, we investigate how vertical and horizontal differentiation influence price, and how hotel competition and agglomeration may moderate any such effects. We argue that vertical differentiation should include online reputation to complement category, and that hotel clustering can provide benefits for incumbents. Hypotheses are tested using quantile regression on a sample of 1870 hotels. In order to account for any service dimensions, an index of differentiation is estimated. We found that local competition and agglomeration moderates the relationship between differentiation and pricing. Furthermore, online reputation effects are more intense for low priced hotels. Indeed, when competition is intense, the positive effect of horizontal differentiation is lower for low priced hotels. Similarly, hotel clustering reinforces the impact of category on price, but it reduces the benefits of offering more services.     

军工企业竞争战略对技术创新的影响——股权激励视角

军工企业技术创新能力既影响着国民经济发展，又关乎国防安全。以2013—2017年80家上市军工企业数据为样本，分析军工企业竞争战略对技术创新的影响，以及股权激励在其中的作用路径。研究结果表明，差异化战略和成本领先战略对技术创新均有直接正向影响，差异化战略影响更大，且股权激励在差异化战略对技术创新的影响中发挥部分中介作用。     

水生态安全下中国区域创新系统效率时空分异与影响因素研究

采用考虑非期望产出的超效率EBM模型和Theil指数分解法进行创新系统效率测度与区域差异结构性原因分析，并借助Tobit模型对典型影响因素作用路径及强度进行估计检验。研究结果表明：水生态安全下创新系统效率呈现东部、东北、中部、西部阶梯式分布，且表现出差异化发展态势；区域间差异和东部、西部区域内差异是影响整体差异的关键；经济发展水平、产业结构、教育水平、城镇化、外商直接投资、技术进步等变量对创新系统效率具有不同程度促进作用，而水资源禀赋、对外开放度对其存在负作用。最后，提出提升水生态安全下区域创新系统效率的对策建议。     

企业差异化战略对价格和质量竞争博弈均衡解的影响研究

消费者在购买商品时不仅考虑商品价格而且还要考虑商品质量水平的需求市场,如果存在两寡头企业提供某商品,必然会导致价格和质量的竞争博弈。本文研究表明:为了达到纳什均衡状态,两企业必须采取一定的差异化策略。而且在均衡状态下,如果市场是价格敏感市场,企业的差异化程度越高,对企业和消费者都越有利;如果市场是质量敏感市场,当敏感程度相对很低时,企业的差异化程度越高,对企业和消费者也都越有利;当敏感程度一般时企业可选择适当的差异化程度使得企业和消费者同时达到最大的均衡利润;但当敏感度非常高,企业差异化程度越高对企业的均衡利润越大,可对消费者的均衡利润却越小。     

零售平台的商户组内多样化与差异化

商户组内多样化和差异化是零售平台常见的特征。本文基于多样化与差异化特征的分析,建立零售平台的双边市场模型,讨论多样化与差异化特征和零售平台的运营策略之间的关系。分析发现：平台向商户收取高价主要受差异化影响,对顾客的补贴主要受多样化影响。平台向差异化商户收取源于竞争的价格加成,并限制差异化的商户数量。差异化度越低,价格加成越高,商户数量越少。商户间的差异化度、平台的差异化竞争策略,以及顾客对多样化商品需求的互补性,构成影响平台多样化与差异化均衡策略的三个因素。     

差异化支护在煤矿中的应用与推广

为了简化掘进巷道支护工序,降低巷道支护成本,提高巷道掘进速度,郑煤集团白坪煤矿在井下掘进工作面根据不同的地质条件设计支护方案,利用差异化支护对井下巷道进行支护。通过数据分析,不但保证施工安全、满足生产需要,而且显著提高了经济效益,降低了生产成本,实现了巷道安全、快速掘进。为今后在煤炭行业中推广差异化支护提供了理论依据。     

Types of technological scanning in manufacturing SMEs: an empirical analysis of patterns and determinants

As the component of environmental scanning that is concerned with science and technology, products, production processes, hardware and information systems, the concept of technological scanning, especially in small business, has received little empirical attention in the past. This paper aims to better define the different technological scanning practices of small and mediumsized enterprises (SMEs) and identify the main factors that determine these differences. This is done without relation to organizational effectiveness as technological scanning is but one of many potential influences on business performance. Using data obtained from a mail survey on the scanning practices of 324 SMEs, the study hopes to increase our understanding of how various entrepreneurs confront various environments in practice. The research model used is based on the notion that, to define different technological scanning practices in small business, four aspects must be considered: strategic orientation (objectives pursued); types of information sought (on technologies and their costs, human resources necessary, etc.); sources used (customers, fairs, specialized publications, suppliers, research centres, etc.); and scanning management practices (methods used, staff involved, level of formalization, and integration of activities). These aspects are contingent upon four factors: the managers' profile; their perception of the environment; their firm's characteristics; and their information network. A cluster analysis reveals that the sampled firms can be grouped into four separate categories, according to the intensity of their technological scanning activities and the type of strategy used. In the first category, where scanning is most developed, the SMEs emphasize cost reduction and control, followed by improvements in competitiveness; they seek mainly financial and human resource information, and use their own internal resources to obtain it. A second category, where scanning is least developed, puts the emphasis on increasing production capacity and flexibility; these SMEs seek very diverse information from many sources. Of the two intermediate groups, one aims to diversify and increase the quality of products and services; marketing information is obtained through customers, suppliers and subcontractors. The other, whose scanning is better organized, favours increasing production capacity through innovation and market information with the help of governmental and financial institutions. This research concludes that there is no ‘one best way’ to environmental scanning in manufacturing SMEs, and that it all depends upon the organization, its objectives and its environmental pressures.     

中国家庭住房产权类型分化研究

本文基于CFPS2010年基线调查的微观数据,利用Logistic模型探讨住房类型分化的产生原因,测算各个阶层在获取住房的途径和机会上的差异。结果表明：户口状况、城乡类别对产权类型的影响存在差异;年龄对租房和亲友提供住房产生影响;收入、是否是党员、婚姻状况、对教育重要程度的认知情况、职业类别等不同程度地影响产权类型;乡村住房自有率高于城市。