Emotion,affect, and risk communication with older adults: challenges and opportunities

Recent research suggests that emotion, affect, and cognition play important roles in risk perception and that their roles in judgment and decision‐making processes may change over the lifespan. This paper discusses how emotion and affect might help or hinder risk communication with older adults. Currently, there are few guidelines for developing effective risk messages for the world's aging population, despite the array of complex risk decisions that come with increasing age and the importance of maintaining good decision making in later life. Age‐related declines in cognitive abilities such as memory and processing speed, increased reliance on automatic processes, and adaptive motivational shifts toward focusing more on affective (especially positive) information mean that older and younger adults may respond differently to risk messages. Implications for specific risk information formats (probabilities, frequencies, visual displays, and narratives) are discussed and directions for future research are highlighted.     

Can financial literacy reduce anxiety about life in old age?

This study examines the role of financial literacy in reducing anxiety about life in old age. We hypothesize that financial literacy increases preparedness for old age through better savings and investment decisions, leading to the accumulation of more assets and earning more income, which enhances financial capacity and reduces anxiety. Using data from a nationwide panel survey in Japan, we provide evidence that financial literacy can reduce anxiety about life in old age by making people capable of accumulating more assets and earning more income. Moreover, the interaction of financial literacy with age and spouse reduces anxiety, while living with children increases anxiety about life during old age. We check the robustness of our results using an alternative measure of financial literacy, changing composition of the sample, controlling for residents’ geographical dispersion, and testing for endogeneity bias. The major findings remain unchanged after considering these factors.     

中国老年人口自杀问题研究

老年人口是自杀率最高的人群。中国老年人口自杀率存在显著的性别差异、城乡差异和年龄差异。将我国老年人口自杀率与全球已进入老龄社会的国家作了对比,提出老年人口自杀率的三种不同模型。虽然我国老年人口的自杀率整体上呈下降趋势,但农村老年人口和高龄老年人口的自杀率仍然很高。应对老年人口自杀问题,一方面应着力解决相关的老龄问题,消除与减少老年人产生自杀意念的诱因;另一方面,要重点关切高自杀风险的老年群体,特别是群体中的男性老人、农村老人和高龄老人;还要高度重视老年人精神健康问题与精神卫生工作。     

Types of dependence and time-dependent association between two lifetimes in single parameter copula models

Spreeuw, J. Types of dependence and time-dependent association between two lifetimes in single parameter copula models. Scandinavian Actuarial Journal. Most publications on modeling insurance contracts on two lives, assuming dependence of the two lifetimes involved, focus on the time of inception of the contract. The dependence between the lifetimes is usually modeled through a copula and the effect of this dependence on the pricing of a joint life policy is measured. This paper investigates the effect of association at the outset on the mortality in the future. The conditional law of mortality of an individual, given his survival and given the life status of the partner is derived. The conditional joint survival distribution of a couple at any duration, given that the two lives are then alive, is also derived. We analyze how the degree of dependence between the two members of a couple varies throughout the duration of a contract. We have done that for (mainly Archimedean) copula models, with one parameter for the degree of dependence. The conditional distributions hence derived provide the basis for the calculation of prospective provisions.     

2013年日本政府科技相关预算分配简析

在当前科技投入稳步增长的局面下,我国有关部门需要关注和参考国外科技预算编制经验和分配重点,做好科技预算分配工作,以实现科技资源的合理有效配置,提高科技经费投入的效率。通过介绍和分析2013年日本政府科技相关预算分配情况,可供国内相关部门参考。在2013年科技相关预算分配过程中,日本政府根据“第四期科技基本计划”和“日本再生战略”,继续将加快灾后重建、推进绿色科技创新和生命科技创新作为重中之重,增加必要的研发投资预算,切实有效地推进科技创新政策,以应对当前面l临的灾后经济复兴、能源安全、老龄化社会以及可持续发展等问题。     

Gender Inequality in the Spanish Public Pension System

This contribution studies revenue sharing in the public pension system in Spain from a gender perspective, revealing that differences are evident in the percentage of men and women entitled to different types of pensions and in the average fiscal amount per pension for men and women. Using 2010 data, the study analyzes how labor market conditions are reflected in pension type and amount for women pensioners, yielding two important conclusions: the income of women pensioners decreases, relative to men, with age; and the degree of inequality of pensions among women is lower than that among men. These gender differences owe to the contributory character of the system, which reproduces the labor market inequalities of both genders – inequalities that ultimately derive from the social division of roles in which women remain responsible for unpaid care work. This conclusion is consistent with similar studies on other European countries and world regions.     

个税递延型养老保险的可行性研究——以北京市为例

随着我国人口老龄化步伐的加快,社会基本养老保险和企业年金已经不能充分满足全社会老年人的生活消费。本文以北京市为特例,通过对北京市的老龄化现状进行分析,说明个税递延型养老保险在北京市实施的必要性。再通过对市政府财力及北京市的独特优势进行分析,说明北京市具备实行个税递延型养老保险的条件,并对这类保险方案提出了制度构想。     

中国人口老龄化对劳动参与率的影响

近年来,中国的劳动参与率呈现出不断下降趋势。这种下降趋势与中国人口老龄化程度的不断加深是否相关?人口年龄结构老化特别是劳动年龄结构老化对劳动参与率的影响到底有多大?采用定量分析方法的结果表明:人口年龄结构的老化特别是劳动年龄人口的老化对劳动参与率具有负向影响。政策启示:政府应积极开发老年人力资源以提高老年人口的劳动参与率;提高劳动生产率,优化产业结构,从而带动就业结构的优化,减少低端劳动密集型产业的发展,减轻未来对劳动力供给的压力,从而应对人口老龄化对劳动供给的冲击。