The Politics of Canadian Monetary Policy: Reassessing Canadian Inflation,Part II

This is the second installment of a two-part article on Canadian inflation. This article builds on the traditional conflict theory of inflation by applying insights from the post-Keynesian and micro-politics theories of money and central bank policy. It argues that the Bank of Canada’s inflation targets — not just inflation itself — have to be understood in terms of social conflict and power. This analysis extends the evidence on the distributive implications of Canadian inflation offered in Part I.     

股权结构与公司绩效关系的实证研究——基于动态内生性的视角

在动态内生性的框架下,以2002年至2011年716家上市公司为样本,同时考虑三种内生性情况,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法研究股权结构与公司绩效之间的关系,结果显示：股权结构与公司绩效之间存在动态内生性,不仅当期股权结构对公司绩效具有显著影响,而且前期股权结构也对公司绩效有着显著影响,并且前期公司绩效对当期股权结构具有反馈效应。因此,上市公司可以通过提高公司的股权集中度、股权制衡度和降低公司管理层持股比例来提高公司绩效,进而提升公司价值。     

机构投资者、市场化进程与公司代理成本——基于动态内生性的经验研究

本文以2002—2009年716家上市公司为样本,在动态内生性的框架下,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,研究了机构投资者、市场化进程与公司代理成本间的关系。研究发现,机构投资者持股比例和市场化进程都与公司代理成本负相关,机构投资者与市场化进程在降低公司代理成本方面存在替代关系。通过进一步研究发现,机构投资者和市场化进程都对公司代理成本有长期影响。公司代理成本在机构投资者影响公司绩效中起部分中介作用,而在市场化进程影响公司绩效中起完全中介作用。     

地方经济增长目标对外商直接投资的影响与机制研究

经济增长目标管理是中国宏观经济的重要现象,外商直接投资的注入为经济增长提供了重要的源泉。文章基于中国各地级市政府工作报告公布的年度经济增长目标,形成284个地级市2001~2016年面板数据,检验经济增长目标对吸引外资的影响。研究发现,经济增长目标的提高显著增大了实际利用外资数量,该发现是稳健的,在进行了变换度量变量、回归样本和考虑内生性的稳健性检验之后,结论依然成立。究其机制,在既定的经济增长目标的激励下,地方政府扩大土地出让面积,增大人均财政支出,以此吸引外商直接投资。文章还发现,地方经济增长目标的提高将导致外商直接投资显著增加的效应,仅在欠发达的中西部地区成立,在2012年之前出现。文章的发现为进一步优化政府目标管理实现经济高质量发展提供了有益的参考。     

Board Share‐Ownership and Takeover Performance

Abstract:   We investigate the relation between takeover performance and board share‐ownership in the acquiring company for a sample of 363 UK takeovers completed in the period 1985–96. In investigating this relationship we pay particular attention to the composition of board shareholdings as well as their size. Thus, in addition to the analysis of total board holdings, we analyse the separate impact of CEO shareholdings and of the pattern of non‐executive and executive holdings within the board. In addition to our detailed examination of board holdings we assess the impact of non‐board holdings. Our analysis controls for a number of non‐shareholding constraints on discretionary director behaviour and for a variety of other influences on takeover outcomes including: the means of payment; acquirer size and market to book value; the relative size of the acquirer and the target; the nature of the bid in terms of hostility and industrial direction; and the pre‐takeover performance of the acquiring company. We assess performance in terms of announcement returns, long run share returns and a portfolio of accounting measures. We find evidence that overall board ownership has a strong positive impact on long run share returns and a weak positive impact on operating performance. However, much stronger effects are found when the overall board measure is split into CEO, executive, and non‐executive directors. We find strong evidence of a positive relation between takeover performance and CEO ownership, which holds for both long run returns and operating performance measures. This finding is robust to controlling for other factors that determine takeover performance and holds in a two stage least squares framework that controls for endogeneity effects. Shareholdings of other executive directors, non‐executive directors, and non‐board holdings are found to have no significant effect on takeover performance.     

股权结构与公司投资效率间的动态关系—基于动态内生性的经验研究

以2002-2011年716家上市公司为样本,在动态内生性的框架下,运用动态面板的System GMM估计方法,同时考虑三种内生性,以动态性的视角研究股权结构与公司投资效率间的关系。得到以下结论：（1）不仅当期股权结构对当期公司非效率投资有影响,而且前期股权结构也对当期公司非效率投资有影响;（2）股权结构对公司非效率投资有长期影响;（3）前期公司非效率投资对当期股权结构有反馈效应;（4）股权结构与公司非效率投资间存在动态内生性。