A monetary vector error correction model of the Euro area and implications for monetary policy

In this paper, a vector error correction model for Euro area money, prices, output, long-term interest rate and short-term interest rate with three identified cointegration relations is specified. It is shown that Euro area money and prices can be considered as variables that are integrated of order two or I(2), that is, they have to be differenced twice to become stationary. Accordingly, the relation between money, prices and other macroeconomic variables is analyzed in an econometric framework which is suited for the analysis of I(2)-variables. Monetary policy implications are derived from the estimated system.First revision received: May 2002/Final revision received: May 2003I thank Helmut Lütkepohl, Jürgen Wolters, and two anonymous referees for helpful comments. Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 373) is gratefully acknowledged.     

Foreign direct investment and technology spillovers: Evidence from panel data analysis of manufacturing firms in Zambia

The most pronounced reason for providing fiscal incentives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) is that FDI is an effective conduit for technology transfer through technology spillovers to domestically owned firms in the host country. This study analyzes the nature and significance of productivity externalities of FDI to local firms, both in terms of intra-industry and inter-industry spillovers, using firm-level data from Zambia. The results show little evidence in support of intra-industry productivity spillovers from FDI on one hand, and significant inter-industry knowledge spillovers occurring through linkages. The net impact of FDI depends on the interaction between intra-industry and inter-industry productivity effects.     

利用DEA技术测量我国上市银行的X—效率

利用DEA技术测量我国11家上市银行2006年的X-效率,选取2个投入变量和3个产出变量,利用LINDO软件进行数据运行.结果发现,只有深发展和兴业银行的X-效率为1,有5家银行处在规模报酬不变的区域内,剩下的银行都在规模报酬递增的区间里,有6家银行的技术有效,4家银行的技术非有效以及工行的技术弱有效.另外,给出无效率银行的投入冗余率和产出不足率,便于管理层通过这些比率更有针对性地管理银行.     

短程硝化反硝化生物脱氮工艺及影响因子

介绍了传统生物脱氮工艺和短程硝化一反硝化工艺原理，提出了短程硝化反硝化的关键是如何控制硝化过程中NO2^--N的积累。分析了影响NO2^--N积累的主要因素为温度、游离氨、pH值、溶解氧、有害物质和泥龄，提出了实现短程反硝化的控制条件。     

无线办公自动化系统

基于无线技术管理信息系统是无线技术发展的研究热点,通过无线技术,人们可以不受时间地点的限制,及时获取自己需要的信息.J2ME是无线系统开发的一个主要平台,它具有广阔的硬件运行平台、良好的移植性和较短的开发周期.本文将无线技术应用于传统的办公自动化系统,以J2ME作为开发平台,分析、设计和实现了一个无线办公自动化系统的用户界面模块.本文对于J2ME技术进行了系统的研究,分析了MIDP和RMS实现难点,并进行实际应用.MIDP提供了一套标准的用户界面控件,而这些控件是以屏幕模型为设计理念,与桌面系统差异很大.RMS提供了一个小型的数据库,为移动设备提供持久性存储.     

C2C电子商务模式下的税收问题与对策

电子商务的出现给传统贸易带来了巨大的变革的同时,也对现代的税收管理制度提出了挑战,尤其C2C模式的电子商务由于中间商功能的逐步弱化,对现行的税收监管提出了严峻的挑战,本文针对这一问题提出相应的解决对策.     

J2EE技术开发应用中的"陷阱"及对策

作为当今最热门的企业级开发平台之一的J2EE，以其实现分布式计算及提供对企业级应用的强大支持获得了众多软件厂商的青睐，但在实际的J2EE项目开发中却布满大量的开发陷阱，如模型与代码间存在隔阂，Web开发效率不高，中间层设计较混乱等。针对这三种陷阱应采取相应对策，才能克服J2EE开发中的缺点。     

纳米材料WS2对润滑油摩擦磨损性能的影响

用加入纳米材料WS2的润滑油在MRS-10A型四球极压机上进行试验，结果表明，加有纳米材料WS2的润滑油表现出良好的抗磨性能，其不仅适用于一般润滑条件，而且还可以用于一定高温、高压、高真空、高负荷、有辐射线以及有腐蚀性介质的工作环境。     

我国货币政策调控房地产价格的效果分析

通过实证分析2000年第一季度到2006年第一季度我国M2（广义货币供应量）和房地产价格的相互关系考察货币政策调控房地产价格的效果。结论是：通过吸纳金融市场过多流动性，中央银行货币政策起到了抑制房地产价格过快上涨的效果。但不能消除房地产过热。防止房地产过热还需综合运用各项政策。     

The long-run impact of bombing Vietnam

We investigate the impact of U.S. bombing on later economic development in Vietnam. The Vietnam War featured the most intense bombing campaign in military history and had massive humanitarian costs. We use a unique U.S. military dataset containing bombing intensity at the district level (N = 584) to assess whether the war damage led to persistent local poverty traps. We compare the heavily bombed districts to other districts controlling for district demographic and geographic characteristics, and use an instrumental variable approach exploiting distance to the 17th parallel demilitarized zone. U.S. bombing does not have negative impacts on local poverty rates, consumption levels, infrastructure, literacy or population density through 2002. This finding indicates that even the most intense bombing in human history did not generate local poverty traps in Vietnam.