Patterns of historical CO2 intensity transitions among high and low-income countries

This article examines the long-term relationship between CO₂ emissions and economic development for various high-income OECD countries that, in turn, are compared with pattern for developing countries. A majority of high-income countries have experienced environmental Kuznets curve types of transitions with respect to CO₂ intensity (emissions per GDP), while the these patterns are absent in the poorer countries. Moreover, the overall historical pattern is one of convergence with respect to intensities. These observations are consistent with an explanation that takes into account includes time-specific, or vintage technology.     

Consideration of the Practice and Theory Value of the Socialism Harmonious Society

The construction of socialism harmonious society is the realistic demand of the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics and also the everlasting value pursuit of the Chinese as well as the demand of development of the all-round construction of affluent society under the guidance of the theory of scientific development. The theory of socialism harmonious society embodies the realistic characters of the theory and is to persist and develop Marxism Materialistic Concept of histo~y; so it is a valuable contribution to the scientific socialism theory.     

浅述丝网印刷发展史及其技术工艺

丝网印刷最早起源于中国,距现在已有二千多年的历史了。本文主要论述丝网印刷在国内外的发展史和现代丝网印刷的技术工艺。     

Early Starts,Reversals and Catch‐up in the Process of Economic Development*

Early states like China and India have been experiencing more rapid economic growth in recent decades. We show that more rapid growth by early starters has been the norm in economic history, and that the “reversal of fortune” associated with the European overseas expansion was both exceptional and temporary. Not only was the post‐1500 reversal in the process of being reversed after 1960, but also the advantage conferred by early development in the latter period was considerably greater than the growth rate disadvantage that it conferred during 1500–1960, implying a rapid undoing of the first reversal.     

我国的地方经济:制度特征与发展不平衡

区域性是地理学的独特视角,反映在国民经济的研究中就是对区域经济和“地方”的关注。我国的地方经济和地方政府在历史进程和社会经济发展的各个阶段上都占有十分重要的地位,改革开放的成功在很大程度上也得益于地方经济。针对多年来对地方政府和地方经济的不断指责,文章认为有必要从理论上阐述我国地方经济存在和发展的规律,其中,有我国地方政权的历史基础、地方经济的制度基础和在我国形成强势政府与强势经济的制度条件。发展不平衡是地方经济研究的又一个重点领域,但是与其他学科不同的是,地理学更多地要从地理条件方面去解释差异。地方经济发展的差异在很大程度上取决于区域开发的地理成本,恶劣的自然地理条件、偏僻的经济地理位置都会导致地区开发成本的高昂并影响地方经济的发育。文章主要讨论了地理环境和地理位置所导致的区域差异。     

Rural Electrification in China： History and Institution

I. Introduction Prior to 2002 there was a rural electricity administrative system at the county level andbelow, which was separated from the urban (or state) electricity system. In 1949 when the People’s Republic was founded, there were only 33 small hydropower stations in rural China, with a total installed capacity of 3.63 MW, and total electricity consumption in rural areas was 20 million kWh. Since 1949, rural electrification has made considerable progress and contributed a lot to the …     

学史与治国：对唐朝兴衰史的思考

“前事不忘 ,后事之师”。学习历史 ,研究历史决不是单纯地只着眼于历史本身 ,而是要通过学习历史来指导现实的实践。一部唐朝的兴衰史为后人留下了非常宝贵的经验教训 ,是否重视学史 ,不仅是民族素质提高与否的条件之一 ,而且是国家长治久安的保证之一 ,因此说学史与治国有着很密切的联系。     

Fifty years of measurement and scaling in the Dutch social sciences

It is evident from recent issues of journals like Psychometrika and Applied Psychological Measurement that the Dutch contribution to the development of the area of measurement and scaling is considerable. In the first part of this paper, we try to answer the question how this could happen. In the early development De Groot in Amsterdam and Van de Geer in Leiden created an academic climate that made it possible for many researchers to develop their skills. Some other possible reasons are sketched for the flourishing of this area in the Netherlands, but it is difficult to assess which reasons were most important. In the second part of the paper, we analyze the international impact of the Dutch contribution by a citation analysis in four fields of measurement and scaling: factor analysis, test theory including item response theory, latent class analysis, and optimal scaling and multidimensional scaling. It appears that Dutch researchers not only publish a lot, but also that the impact of their publications is at the same level as publications produced world-wide.     

经济史研究的理论方法及其进展——兼评《晋商信用制度及其变迁研究》

经济理论在经济史研究中不可替代的作用在于提供描述的概念体系和分析的基本逻辑框架.前现代经济史中集中产权制度的缺失,使现代经济理论不适合作为其研究工具.历史制度分析框架,采用新古典"理性经济人"假设,将约束条件扩大到价格和收入之外,是对传统经济史研究的重要理论创新.<晋商信用制度及其变迁研究>一书正是运用此方法解决了中国传统社会产权制度环境与理论假设相左的困难.该书作为运用此理论方法的成功范例,采用从具体历史情境中给出效率评价的公理性假设的方式,解决了这一理论缺乏制度效率评价的缺陷,具有很高的逻辑一致性和经验一致性,推进了经济史研究的深入.     

Growth outside the stable path: Lessons from the European reconstruction

This paper exploits a natural experiment, the large destruction of capital in continental Europe during World War II, to characterize the transitional dynamics of an economy that begins with a capital stock below its steady state level. We use these regularities as a benchmark to discriminate among competing growth specifications. A model that combines non-separabilities in preferences with a technology that restricts the degree of substitutability between inputs outperforms the widely used AK and Cobb–Douglas specifications with time-separable preferences. Our results suggest that policy evaluations based in growth models that overlook non-separabilities in preferences or impose strong restrictions on the technological structure might be grossly misleading.