Policy Dimensions of Progressive Institutional Change: Lessons from China’s Construction of a Socialist Market Economy

Abstract:

Through a comprehensive review of the progressive institutional change (PIC) literature, I first discuss four possible trajectories of PIC by considering the forces of societal reaction that might frame the path, as well as the scale and scope of the changes. Thus, I pose four questions that need to be asked when related policies are formulated for PIC. To illustrate this method, I scrutinize the evidence from the construction of a socialist market economy by the Chinese government since the 1980s and argue that related policies have successfully promoted PIC from three dimensions: (1) curbing potential conflicts with power groups; (2) promoting a sense of awareness among stakeholders; and (3) minimizing disturbances to the community. Actually, the related changes demonstrate a dynamic “displacement process” for PICs. Despite the success of this sociosystem, it is found that the sustaining of PIC which requires policy factors that enhance instrumental efficiency in the Chinese context will serve as a challenge to the Chinese government ahead.     

45#钢焊接式空心淬火辊加工工艺探讨

45#钢焊接式空心淬火辊在实际中存在很多加工难点,经常有成品辊因为两端焊接轴头而造成辊身硬度偏低,或者焊接产生内应力而产生裂纹的境况发生从而导致成品辊报废。鉴于此,本文在分析影响产品因为焊接退火及因为焊接产生的应力的基础上,以45#钢空心淬火辊为例,介绍下该类零件的加工工艺和改进方法。     

U型槽钢构件火焰矫正

本文为了阐述钢结构变形的主要种类并介绍U型槽钢构建焊缝变形的火焰矫正施工方法,在多年工作经验的基础上还结合了同行的相关资料,在实际的工作中作出了有益的尝试。     

土质边坡分析中的极限平衡法与有限元强度折减法的研究

介绍边坡分析的极限平衡法与有限元强度折减法原理,比较两者优缺点。对均质土坡分别采用有限元强度折减法与极限平衡法进行计算,得到相应的安全系数和潜在破坏面,得到两种方法所得安全系数和破坏面一致的结论,应用有限元强度折减法计算是合理可行的。     

Making the ‘Invisible’ Visible: Redevelopment‐induced Displacement of Migrants in Shenzhen,China

Gentrification in China is intertwined with urban redevelopment, which causes the large‐scale displacement of rural–urban migrants from ‘villages in the city’ (ViCs). Because of the informality of ViCs, migrant renters have very insecure tenancy and during redevelopment they are treated as a negligible (‘invisible’) social group. As they are very difficult to locate after displacement, they are also literally invisible to researchers. To make the invisible visible, this study traced a sample of displaced migrants from Huangbeiling village in Shenzhen. The focus was on the displacement process and on identifying the consequences for the displaced. We found various forms of displacement during the redevelopment process. Nearby ViCs were prioritized by displaced migrants to minimize as much utility loss as possible. However, they generally suffer from decreased proximity, increased living costs, and the loss of social networks and job opportunities. Remarkably, some choose to return to the gentrifying village, enduring displacement in situ caused by increasing rents, drastic physical neighbourhood changes and declining liveability, in exchange for retaining their original social and economic networks. Large‐scale urban redevelopment is causing the rapid shrinkage of informal housing. Recognizing and addressing the housing needs of this impoverished social group is a matter of urgency.     

新建大同至西安铁路工程皂角大桥连续梁线形控制

本文介绍了皂角大桥(32+48+32m)预应力混凝土连续梁的施工控制情况,提出了一个推算挂蓝弹性变形的简单公式,对控制线性的修缮作出了新的尝试。     

多级斜坡路基软弱地基变形机理和稳定性数值分析

山区公路路基往往是在斜坡上填筑的,这种填筑形式更易于发生变形破坏,故本文以某斜坡路基为研究对象,研究斜坡路基地基变形机理,并用强度折减法分析该斜坡路基的稳定性。结果表明:①地基形变的总体趋势以沉降变形为主,随填筑高度的增加,水平位移逐渐趋于均匀,并表现为侧向外鼓,沉降最大值集中在与填筑体中心相交的区域。②路基中心的最终沉降位移相较于坡脚的2倍;路基整体有向斜坡下滑移的趋势;短坡脚的水平位移发展最快。③斜坡路基随填筑高度的增加,从深层滑动发展为浅层滑动,滑体集中于长坡脚。④随填筑高度的增加,安全系数逐渐降低。     

Gentrifier? Who,Me? Interrogating the Gentrifier in the Mirror

Schlichtman and Patch suggest that there is an elephant sitting in the academic corner: while urbanists often use ‘gentrification’ as a pejorative term in formal and informal academic conversation, many urbanists are gentrifiers themselves. Even though urbanists have this firsthand experience with the process, this familiarity makes little impact on scholarly debate. There is, Schlichtman and Patch argue, an artificial distance in accounts of gentrification because researchers have not adequately examined their own relationship to the process. Utilizing a simple diagnostic tool that includes ten common aspects of gentrification, they compose two autoethnographic memoirs to begin this dialogue.     

Pricing of the time-change risks

We develop an equilibrium endowment economy with Epstein-Zin recursive utility and a Lévy time-change subordinator, which represents a clock that connects business and calendar time. Our setup provides a tractable equilibrium framework for pricing non-Gaussian jump-like risks induced by the time-change, with closed-form solutions for asset prices. Persistence of the time-change shocks leads to predictability of consumption and dividends and time-variation in asset prices and risk premia in calendar time. In numerical calibrations, we show that the risk compensation for Lévy risks accounts for about one-third of the overall equity premium.