表面和谐:概念、测量及研究进展

表面和谐(superficial harmony)是指个体在面对冲突时维持人际和谐的一种动机.与三种和谐因子(增加和谐、避免分裂、视和谐为阻碍)中的避免分裂相对应.表面和谐在本土文化背景下表现尤为突出,在这一动机的驱使下,个体为了避免自身利益损失而回避冲突,与中庸思维、表层扮演以及人际宽恕等概念存在区别.现有研究已经证实:表面和谐这一动机会通过个体效能感、心理预期等心理机制对员工的建言与沉默行为产生影响,或作为宽恕背后的重要动机对个体组织公民行为等结果产生影响.未来研究可以进一步关注:表面和谐对其他结果变量的积极与消极影响,表面和谐与自我损耗的关系以及在团队或组织层面的作用等.     

热分析仪SDT-2960的特点及新应用

较详细地介绍了美国ＴＡ公司的ＳＤＴ－２９６０热分析仪的结构、原理、性能,并对其主要应用进行了举例和探讨。     

Household Grain Consumption in China: Effects of Income,Price and Urbanization

The objectives of this study of household grain consumption in China are to update previous estimates of consumption parameters, to look at the effect of urbanization on grain consumption and to compare household demand patterns across the region. Household grain consumption is divided into two categories: direct and indirect grain consumption. Demand systems are estimated for four consumer groups, rural, town, city and large city, respectively, using data from the 1991 rural and urban household surveys undertaken by China's State Statistical Bureau. The impact on grain consumption of income, price and urbanization is particularly elaborated.     

Has Productivity Contributed to China's Growth?

This paper applies an extended Solow approach to examine the role of productivity in China's economic growth. The extended Solow approach allows the decomposition of output growth into factor contributions, technological progress and efficiency change. It is found that total factor productivity (TFP) has on average contributed to 13.5 percent of China's economic growth in the past two decades. This contribution is mainly due to technological progress which tends to accelerate over time. However, during 1982–97 efficiency change due to catch–up has been very volatile, reflecting the uncertainties associated with economic reforms and transition in China.     

Local Government Debt,Factor Misallocation and Regional Economic Performance in China

This paper examines total factor efficiency and productivity performance by taking into account local government debt (LGD) in 31 Chinese provincial regions for the period 2000–2013. The results show that neglecting LGD may overstate economic performance in Chinese provinces. The eastern region shows better performance in single factor efficiency and total factor efficiency than the non‐eastern regions. The western region shows the worst total factor performance. The north‐eastern region is the only region that has experienced a decline in total factor performance. The state‐dominated, investment‐driven development model may help technological progress across Chinese regions but could lead to significant factor misallocation. We argue that biases towards more state‐dominated investment and land supply in less productive western, central and north‐eastern regions, at the expense of investment and land supply in more productive eastern regions, have contributed to the recent slowdown in economic growth in China. Therefore, further market‐oriented reforms in factor markets should be considered in the future.     

Environmental efficiency and its distribution dynamics in Chinese cities

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates environmental efficiency and its distribution dynamics in Chinese cities. The analyses are applied the meta-frontier data envelopment analysis and the continuous dynamic distribution approach together with panel data of 286 Chinese cities at the prefecture and above-prefecture levels. The results show that during the period of 2002–2011, the average environmental efficiency in Chinese cities is well below the production frontier. The coastal cities show better performance than the central and western cities; large and extra-large cities are more efficient than small and medium cities; and the environmental efficiency for the ‘key’ cities is slightly better than that for the ‘non-key’ cities. The spatial dynamic distribution analyses indicate that the environmental efficiency of Chinese cities tends to converge. To improve environmental efficiency in the future, the government should pay more attention to the central cities, medium and large size cities in western China, and the non-key cities.

Abbreviations: CPI- Consumer price index; DEA- Date envelopment analysis; DMU- Decision making unit; GDP- Gross domestic product; GMI -Group- frontier managerial inefficiency; IPCC- Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; MTR- Meta- technology gap ratio; NTP- Net transition probability; PAA- Prefecture and above-prefecture levels; PIM Perpetual inventory method; SFA Stochastic frontier analysis; TGI Technology gap inefficiency     

Technical Efficiency Measurement Incorporating Risk Preferences: An Empirical Analysis of Chinese Commercial Banks

By adjusting direction vectors, we are able to measure technical efficiency incorporating risk preference of individual banks using non-parametric and parametric approaches. Furthermore, we explore categories of commercial banks by comparing their risk preferences to the risk preference that optimizes technical efficiency. Three results emerged. First, technical efficiency scores of joint stock and city commercial banks surpassed those of state-owned commercial banks under the optimal risk preference, and technical efficiency generally improved over time. Second, the preference for risk balance was optimal for achieving technical efficiency. Third, a larger proportion of state-owned and joint stock commercial banks fall into the preference for risk neutral category than city commercial banks.     

Technology Gap,Reverse Technology Spillover and Domestic Innovation Performance in Outward Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from China

This research adds to the literature studying the effects of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) on domestic innovation performance and the moderating effect of a technology gap between host and home countries. New definitions of observed technology gap and expected technology gap are proposed. An observed technology gap captures the existing differences in technology level between establishments, regions or countries. An expected technology gap is an indication of the effort of imitating and learning from technology leaders. The corresponding measures and effects of observed and expected technology gaps on OFDI‐induced reverse technology spillover are analyzed. OFDI in developed countries promotes innovation performance. However, OFDI in emerging markets hampers innovation performance. It is also found that regions with a wider observed technology gap and a narrower expected technology gap can benefit more from OFDI.     

Comparing international consumption patterns

When attempting to identify empirical regularities in consumption patterns, their tremendous diversity across countries represents both a major opportunity and challenge. For example, consumers in rich countries devote less than 20% of their budget to food, while this rises to more than 50% in the poorest countries. This paper uses a major new database released in Selvanathan and Selvanathan (Selvanathan EA, Selvanathan S (2003) International Consumption Comparisons: OECD versus LDC. World Scientific, Singapore) to explore several related issues, including the extent to which the consumption basket is diversified and how this changes with income, whether a simple utility-maximising model is capable of explaining the diversity of consumption patterns internationally, the measurement of the extent to which tastes differ across countries, and how the world can be partitioned into groups of countries with minimal within-group heterogeneity of tastes on the basis of the revealed preference of consumers.