生态政策作用下农户生计资本与生计策略的关系研究*——以内蒙古自治区杭锦旗为例

[目的]探索生态政策作用下农户生计资本与生计策略的关系,对提高农户生计水平,促进区域生态环境修复具有重要意义。[方法]该研究以地处库布其沙漠腹地的杭锦旗为例,基于农户调研数据,对北部沿河区和南部梁外区农户的生计资本和生计策略进行了调查与对比分析,并建立二元Logistic回归模型,对影响两区域农户生计策略选择的关键因素进行了研究。[结果](1)北部沿河区农户的人力资本和金融资本高于南部梁外区,而自然资本、物质资本和社会资本低于南部梁外区。北部沿河区农户选择以农为主生计策略的比例高于南部梁外区,而选择以非农为主的比例低于南部梁外区。(2)人力资本和自然资本是影响两区域农户生计策略选择的共同关键因素。其中,人力资本对两区域农户以非农为主生计策略的选择均具有显著正向影响,而自然资本均具有显著负向影响。比较而言,人力资本和自然资本对生态政策影响较小的北部沿河区农户以非农为主生计策略选择的影响均大于生态政策影响较大的南部梁外区。[结论]杭锦旗农户的生计资本和生计策略具有区域差异性,生态政策是促使农户生计状况产生区域差异的重要因素。在生态政策的作用下,农户的生计策略仍受其生计资本的影响,同时生态政策也通过影响农户可实际运作的生计资本而影响着农户的生计策略。在以上研究的基础上,提出了改善农户生计状况和促进区域生态环境修复的政策建议。     

国内失业预防问题研究历程与文献评述

失业问题一直是社会关注的热点.如何化解失业风险,提前做好失业预防有着重要意义.通过对“中国知网”和万方数据知识服务平台学术文献涉及“失业预防”问题的电子文献调查统计分析,发现失业预防问题的研究有失业预防政策类研究和失业预警模型构建研究.现有文献对失业预防问题研究存在着缺少对失业预防机制的系统性研究,多为失业预防宏观研究,缺少微观研究,失业预防机制效果评价研究更少,失业预防按照群体划分的研究也较少等问题.     

清徐县优势农业与旅游业协调发展研究

[目的]发展优势农业是改造传统农业,加快农业现代化的有效途径之一,旅游业作为国民经济新的增长点,两者协调发展更有利于增加农民收入,促进新农村建设,同时也是农村社会经济可持续发展的必然要求。[方法]文章通过文献查阅法了解清徐县优势农业葡萄及葡萄文化旅游业等方面的相关研究及研究成果,结合实证分析法通过协调发展度函数构建模型对清徐优势农业协调旅游业发展进行定量分析。[结果]清徐县优势农业和旅游业的综合评价指数从2004年的0.118 6上升到2016年的0.985 8,总体呈上升趋势,同时协调度13年间,2004~2008年介于0.221 5~0.490 5之间,处于失调发展阶段,2009年为过渡阶段,协调度为0.524 3,2010~2015年协调度介于0.626 7~0.685 8之间,处于初级协调发展水平,2016年协调度为0.701 7,发展到中级协调发展水平。优势农业与旅游业协调发展有利于区域经济水平的提高和农业收入的增加。[结论]推动优势农业与旅游业协调发展,清徐县需加大散户经营管理力度,切实有效地解决散户存在的实际问题,夯实优势农业的基础,为旅游业发展提供更大的发展空间。     

微波加热对叶绿素水溶液的影响

本文通过对叶绿素水溶液进行微波加热,分析微波加热对叶绿素水溶液的温度、色度、叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,微波加热处理的水溶液温度显著高于对照沸水浴,1~2 min时,1000 W功率下的水溶液温度显著高于200 W(P<0.05)。与沸水浴相比,微波加热显著降低了叶绿素水溶液的绿色程度,且高功率微波加热显著加剧了水溶液亮度的变化。200 W微波加热使水溶液中叶绿素a、b含量降低,但1000 W微波加热则提高了水溶液中叶绿素a、b含量。     

数字经济对中国全要素生产率的影响机理:提升效应还是抑制效果？

数字经济是新时代引领中国经济高质量发展的关键抓手。然而现阶段数字经济普惠性发展尚未实现，掣肘着其对国内全要素生产率的提升力度。文章在理论分析的基础上，基于熵权TOPSIS法测算了2012-2018年中国数字经济发展水平指数，探讨了中国数字经济对全要素生产率的影响机理。研究发现：数字经济的发展显著提升了中国全要素生产率水平，但区域层面上，东部地区的数字经济发展明显领先于中西部地区，引领着中国全要素生产率快速增长。从全要素生产率的分解指标来看，数字经济推动了技术效率提升，但现阶段国内关键核心技术环节薄弱以及数字产业化带来的人才和资金的虹吸效应导致数字经济对技术进步产生了阻碍作用。此外，当前数字经济对不同产业的渗透度存在明显的不均衡性，筑高了创新资源的流动壁垒，影响产业间协调创新及合理化布局，进而抑制了对全要素生产率的提升力度。进一步的机制检验表明在创新环境的支持下，人才集聚及金融规模强化了数字经济对全要素生产率的提升力度。     

The impact of XBRL on real earnings management: unexpected consequences of the XBRL implementation in China

Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting - In this paper, we investigate whether there is a change of real earnings management for firms facing pressures of the new technology implementation...     

Do environmental regulations hamper small enterprises' market entry? Evidence from China

Due to the serious increase of environmental pollution in China, environmental regulations have become significantly stringent. Such regulations are playing an increasingly important role in the development of small enterprises (SEs) in China, especially in SEs' market entry. However, existing studies pay little attention to this issue. This paper investigates for the first time the effect of environmental regulations on SEs' market entry and the mechanism of environmental regulation effects in China. We consider two sets of panel data for the periods 2003–2010 and 2012–2015 in China. We also use the fixed effect model and the instrumental variable method to explore the role of environmental regulations in SEs' market entry. The results show that, overall, environmental regulations play a significantly positive and robust role in SEs' market entry. However, the mechanisms associated with the effect of environmental regulations on different innovative types of SEs differ. Environmental regulations promote the market entry of SEs with product innovation, but this impact is not significant for SEs with research and development (R&D) activities and R&D institutions. Our findings indicate that China's SEs prefer product innovation, which is a lower level innovative type, over R&D innovation, as a means to avoid the negative impact of stringent environmental regulations.     

超额节能指标政策的工业去产能效应

为了在节能"攻坚战"中避免"一刀切"问题,中央政府在"十一五"规划中对不同省份设定了差异化的节能指标,超额节能指标的去产能效应有待准确评估.本文首先利用异质性随机前沿分析方法测算了工业企业层面的产能利用率,进而利用中央政府设定差异化节能指标这一准自然实验,采用双重差分模型评估了超额节能指标对工业企业产能利用率的影响效果.进一步地,本文识别了超额节能指标对产能利用率的影响机制以及不同企业特征和指标强度的异质性效果.研究发现,超额节能指标对产能利用率具有积极影响,这一结论在经过一系列的稳健性检验后被证实是可靠的;超额节能指标在生产侧与消费侧均对产能利用率产生积极影响,且该影响随着指标强度的提升而增加,这是因为该政策改善了全要素生产率并对过度投资产生了"降温"效应.因此,适当提高当前指标有助于实现节能与去产能的双赢.     

Estimating yield curves of the U.S. Treasury securities: An interpolation approach

Following the approach of interpolation, this paper proposes the multiple exponential decay model to fit yield curves for both the U.S. TIPS market and the conventional Treasury security market. Several estimation methods, including the unconstrained/constrained nonlinear minimization, quadratic programming, and the iterative linear least squares, are applied to estimate the unknown parameters according to different curve‐fitting purposes. Comparisons between the proposed model and the alternatives show that the multiple exponential decay successfully (1) adapts to a variety of shapes associated with yield curves, (2) (partially) keeps in line with the economic interpretations of Nelson–Siegel summarized by Diebold and Li ( 2006 ), and (3) dominates the competing models in curve‐fitting performance measured by mean fitted‐price errors over the sample period. In addition, the exact specification of a nonparametric interpolation model is pinned down by applying three statistical tools, which enable us to jointly take into account validity, optimality, and parsimoniousness of the proposed model.     

Social media affordances in entry‐level employees’ socialization: employee agency in the management of their professional impressions and vulnerability during early stages of socialization

This study examined how entry‐level employees interacted with social media during three stages of organizational socialization. They navigated between four different media affordances (persistence, editability, visibility, and association) while experiencing them as both enabling and constraining in different socialization stages. Qualitative interview data analysis revealed during anticipatory socialization, job applicants realized visibility and persistence in relation to institutional and individualized socialization. During encounter, new employees managed personal and professional life boundaries carefully against the association and visibility affordances. Although some participants used both public and enterprise social media for obtaining job‐related information and understanding coworkers and company culture, during metamorphosis, most interviewees adopted passive information seeking strategies and experienced a paradoxical tension between the enabling and constraining affordances of social media. Findings are discussed with regards to employees’ exertion of agency in managing their professional impressions and coping with high levels of uncertainty and vulnerability during early stages of socialization.