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排序方式: 共有67条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
This paper analyses interbank risk using the information content of basis swap (BS) spreads, floating-to-floating interest rate swaps whose payments are associated with euro deposit rates for alternative tenors. To identify the impact of shocks affecting interbank risk, we propose an empirical model that decomposes BS quotes into their expected and unexpected components. These unobservable constituents of BS spreads are estimated by solving a signal extraction problem using a particle filter. We find that expected components covariate with aggregate liquidity and risk aversion while systemic risk arises as the main driver behind unexpected fluctuations. Our empirical findings suggest that macroprudential analysis emerges as a key device to ease asset pricing in a new multi-curve scenario. 相似文献
2.
Mariano Nieto Nuria González-Álvarez 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2016,12(2):507-530
Social capital refers to social networks and the norms of reciprocity, cooperation and trust associated with them. It can be studied at different levels of analysis. As previous literature suggests, social capital has aspects at both the individual and collective levels. However, theory development and empirical research have focused on separate, sometimes diverging levels. In an attempt to address this, this research examines the simultaneous influence of individual and regional social capital on the discovery and exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities using individual-level data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor linked with regional-level data on social capital. The results show that individuals from regions with higher social capital are more likely to discover and to exploit entrepreneurial opportunities. Moreover, individuals having networks with other entrepreneurs are also more likely to identify a business opportunity and to become an entrepreneur. Also, we found that social capital at individual level had a greater effect than social capital at regional level in the two stages of the entrepreneurial process. 相似文献
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Nuria Gamero Josep Espluga Christian Oltra Rosario Solá Jordi Farré 《Journal of Risk Research》2013,16(6):685-702
This paper examines the determinants of trust in public information on technological risk in a petrochemical complex located in Tarragona (Spain). Data from focus groups (eight) and a questionnaire survey (N = 400) are drawn together to analyse how two local communities exposed to major chemical hazards perceive information on risk and its sources. Results show how trust relies on two main factors, namely expertise and trustworthiness, that are significantly influenced by a third one, antagonism. Results also illustrate the relevance of the institutional context when understanding how communities give meaning to the available information on risk. 相似文献
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Maria Luisa Petit 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》1989,4(2):161-179
In this paper the interaction between the Treasury and the central bank is examined in the case of both cooperative and non-cooperative behaviour. Differential games are used in the framework of a continuous-time econometric model of the Italian economy. The Nash and the Stackelberg non-cooperative equilibrium solutions are computed, and the case for cooperation is analysed by considering the Nash and the Kalai-Smorodinsky bargaining models. It is shown that, in the Italian case, the government has a stronger bargaining position than the central bank. A comparison is then made between the different solutions to show that the drawbacks that emerge from non-cooperation are not simply those depending on the players' payoffs. Other features are in fact considered which constitute a further argument for policy co-ordination. 相似文献
8.
Michel Petit 《EuroChoices》2002,1(3):36-41
The New US Farm Bill: Lessons from a Complete Ideological Turnaround The United States recently dopted a new farm law which represents a complete ideological turnaround from the 1996 FAIR Act. This turnaround is paradoxical when compared to the positions taken by the US government in international trade negotiations, particularly at the WTO. A political economy approach can be used to explain this paradox. For various reasons the US budget constraint was not very binding during the policy making process. This gave an opportunity to the supporters of various agricultural interest groups in Congress to forge a coalition in support of a “generous” farm bill which turned out to be politically very difficult to oppose in an election year. As a result it appears that the main economic concern behind the new law has been the instability of prices on international markets, little concern being expressed for the impact on trading partners. Consequently, the credibility of the US government in WTO agricultural trade negotiations will be damaged, but the very broad coalition pushing for liberalisation of agricultural policies in OECD countries will not be significantly weakened. The European Union, therefore, will find it very difficult to resist pressures for concessions on market access and the elimination of export subsidies. La nouvelle loi agricole aux Etats‐Unis: les leçons d'une volte‐face idéologique Les Etats‐Unis viennent d'adopter une nouvelle loi agricole qui marque un changement radical d'orientation par rapport à la loi passée en 1996. Ce revirement idéologique est paradoxal lorsqu'on le rapproche des positions prises par les représentants américains dans les négociations agricoles à l'OMC. Il peut cependant s'expliquer assez facilement si l'on adopte une perspective d‘économie politique. Pour des raisons diverses, la contrainte budgétaire ne s'est pas faite sentir trop fort durant la période d’élaboration de la loi, de sorte que les groupes de pression agricoles n'ont pas eu trop de mal à obtenir au congrès une coalition favorable à une législation “généreuse”à laquelle il eut été difficile de s'opposer en année électorate. En conséquence, le législateur américain a pu manifester son inquiétude vis‐à‐vis de l'instabilité des prix sur les marchés internationaux, et on peut se demander dans quelle mesure cela ne va pas ruiner la crédibilité des positions libérales prises par le gouvernement américain dans les négociations commerciales internationales. Cependant, il convient de noter que la coalition des pays membres qui ant intérêt à la libéralisation des politiques agricoles des pays riches est très large, et ne sera sans doute pas affaiblie de façon significative par cet événement. Il restera done très difficile à l'Union Européenne de résister aux pressions d'autres pays en faveur de l'accès au marché et contre les subventions à l'exportation. Das neue US‐Landwirtschaftsgesetz: Lehren aus einer absoluten ideologischen Kehrtwendung In den Vereinigten Staaten wurde vor kurzem eine neue Agrargesetzgebung verabschiedet, die im Vergleich zum FAIR‐Gesetz aus dem Jahre 1996 eine absolute ideologische Kehrtwendung darstellt. Diese Kehrtwendung steht im Widerspruch zu den Standpunkten, welche die US‐Regierung in Welthandelsfragen vertritt, insbesondere bei der WTO. Dieses Paradoxon kann mit Hilfe eines politökonomischen Ansatzes aufgelöst werden. Zu der Zeit, in der dieses Gesetz entstand, musste die Restriktion des US‐Staatshaushalts aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht strikt eingehalten werden. Dies ermöglichte den Anhängern verschiedener landwirtschaftlicher Interessenverbände, im Kongress eine Koalition zu Gunsten eines “großzügigen” Landwirtschaftsgesetzes zu bilden, welchem gerade in einem Wahljahr politisch nur wenig entgegen zu setzen war. Daher erweckt es den Anschein, dass im Hinblick auf die Wirtschaft die Preisinstabilität auf den internationalen Märkten das zentrale Anliegen des neuen Gesetzes ist, wobei den Auswirkungen auf die Handelspartner nur wenig Beachtung geschenkt wird. Aus diesem Grunde sinkt die Glaubwürdigkeit der US‐Regierung bei den WTO‐Verhandlungen hinsichtlich des Agrarhandels. Die breite Koalition, welche die Liberalisierung der Agrarpolitik in den OECD‐Ländern anstrebt, wird jedoch nicht wesentlich geschwächt. Daher dürfte es der Europäischen Union schwer fallen, dem Druck hinsichtlich der Zugeständnisse beim Marktzugang und der Abschaffung von Exportsubventionen standzuhalten. 相似文献
9.
In spite of the central role that specialized engineering firms(firms that focus on the design and construction of industrialplants) have been playing since the end of World War II as makersand traders of the latest technology in many sectors throughoutthe world, historians have largely neglected them. For justfor this reason, we should welcome this book by Arjan van Rooij,whose main concern is precisely the historical contributionof such firms 相似文献
10.
Nuria Osés-Eraso Frederic Udina Montserrat Viladrich-Grau 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2008,40(4):529-550
We study appropriation strategies in common pool resources where extinction is a credible threat. Here we present an experimental
study of the appropriation of common pool resources in a dynamic setting where resource availability depends on the initial
environmental characteristics of the common resource and on human-induced resource depletion due to users’ appropriation patterns.
Our results show that initial resource scarcity limits appropriation by inducing an initial caution among users that persists
throughout of the game. Additionally, we find that subjects restrain their appropriation strategies when scarcity increases.
However, this concern for resource scarcity is not enough to prevent resource depletion. Agents do not counteract the previous
rounds’ appropriation strategies but follow the appropriation trend. High appropriation levels are followed by higher appropriation
strategies, thus promoting the well known tragedy of the commons. Often concern for resource preservation is not great enough
to limit appropriation.
相似文献