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1.
In this paper, we empirically investigate how greenness information is priced in the green bond market. Our comparison of liquidity-adjusted yield premiums of green bonds versus synthetic conventional bonds indicates that, on average, there is no robust and significant yield premium or discount on green bonds. However, green bonds certified by an external reviewer enjoy a discount of about 6 bps. Furthermore, green bonds that obtain a Climate Bonds Initiative certificate show a discount of around 15 bps. The findings suggest that a universally accepted greenness measure can benefit the development of the green bond market. 相似文献
2.
Instrumental variable (IV) methods for regression are well established. More recently, methods have been developed for statistical inference when the instruments are weakly correlated with the endogenous regressor, so that estimators are biased and no longer asymptotically normally distributed. This paper extends such inference to the case where two separate samples are used to implement instrumental variables estimation. We also relax the restrictive assumptions of homoskedastic error structure and equal moments of exogenous covariates across two samples commonly employed in the two‐sample IV literature for strong IV inference. Monte Carlo experiments show good size properties of the proposed tests regardless of the strength of the instruments. We apply the proposed methods to two seminal empirical studies that adopt the two‐sample IV framework. 相似文献
3.
近年来,我国液化天然气(LNG)在全年能源使用消耗总量中占有的比值持续上升.由于其具有环境污染小、运输方便等优点,因此,在天然气市场占据了较大的市场份额.同时,由于其显著的经济效益,也受到了投资者的青眯,LNG项目成为能源企业的投资热点.在这种背景下,对LNG项目的动态经营成本进行评价分析,也成为投资者特别关注的方面.本文基于GM(1,1)模型,亦就是灰色系统,对LNG投资项目动态经营成本进行评价研究,为科学地投资LNG项目提供测算依据. 相似文献
4.
以稻谷粤农丝苗为原材料,置于4种不同储藏模式下,具体如下:(1)15℃储藏240d。(2)30℃储藏240d。(3)以15℃为开端,与30℃交替储藏(60d交替1次)至240d。(4)以30℃为开端,与15℃交替储藏(60d交替1次)至240d。每隔60d检测1次,比较上述4种储藏模式下,稻米蒸煮品质和α-淀粉酶活力的变化趋势。研究结果表明:随着时间的延长和储藏温度的升高,稻米品质下降;在实验时间内,以低温为开端的变温模式的稻米品质要优于以高温为开端的变温模式,但差距逐渐减小。 相似文献
5.
This paper uses a reduced‐form approach to derive a closed‐form pricing formula for defaultable bonds. The authors specify the default hazard rate as an affine function of multiple variables which follow the Lévy jump‐diffusion processes. Because such specification allows greater flexibility in the generation of a valid probability of default, their pricing model should be more accurate than the valuation models in traditional studies, which ignore the jump effects. This paper also proposes a new method for estimating the parameters in a Lévy Jump‐diffusion process. The real data from the Taiwanese bond market are used to illustrate how their model can be applied in practical situations. The authors compare the pricing results for the influential variables with no jump effects, with jump magnitudes following the normal distribution, and with jump magnitudes following the gamma distribution. The results reveal that the predictive ability is the best for the model with the jump components. The valuation model shown in this paper should help portfolio managers more accurately price defaultable bonds and more effectively hedge their portfolio holdings. 相似文献
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7.
综合借鉴SHELL模型和Reason模型的概念,参考国际民航组织《安全管理手册》,分析民航运行体系中组织管理对空中交通管制员工作能效的作用路径,提出组织管理对管制员工作能效产生积极影响的方法和建议. 相似文献
8.
随着中国“一带一路”倡议的逐步实施,越来越多的企业开始加入“走出去”的队伍。但是由于不同企业所处行业、资金实力、规模大小、对外投资目的等因素不尽相同,如果选择不恰当的模式往往会导致陷入经营困境。因此本文为江苏“走出去”企业提出相应的财务风险防控措施,旨在促进企业在国际化进程中健康、可持续发展。 相似文献
9.
Hui-Chu Shu 《Applied economics》2019,51(19):2070-2083
We investigated the cross-market relations of volatility indexes with U.S. and non-U.S. stock market returns. We found that the pervasive VIX influence at both U.S. and non-U.S. stock markets. The VSTOXX and VKOSPI capture the major shocks to the global economy and show movements similar to the VIX. The empirical findings indicate that volatility index changes are important in explaining stock returns. We also examined spillover effects across volatility indexes. The VIX is a main transmitter, and the VKOSPI the main receiver, of these spillovers. The results point to a leading role for the VIX in the international market. 相似文献
10.
We use farm diary data from Taiwan in the 1920s and 1930s to estimate the impacts of a state‐wide tenancy reform on tenants’ investment in the farmland and production outcome. The reform, commencing in 1922, enhanced the tenure security for the tenants by promoting written contracts that extended tenure length from 1 year to 5–6 years, and by establishing government‐sponsored organizations for dispute settlements. Our estimations rely on a difference‐in‐difference framework, where self‐cultivated farms are used as the control group. We find that the reform encouraged tenants to make investments in the irrigation and drainage system of the farms, which is expected to have long‐lasting benefits for production. The improved irrigation/drainage system led to significant efficiency gains for the farms. In contrast, the reform did not affect tenants’ usage of fertilizer much, which benefits production for only a crop season or a year. 相似文献