Cooperative conversion and communalization: Closely observed interactions between the material and the mental

Various authors, including Elinor Ostrom, have shown that the legal form of a cooperative has many of the characteristics of a Common. Here we focus on cooperative conversion, through which conventional enterprises become labor‐managed firms (LMFs), viewing it dynamically as a communalization process. These processes are addressed in the light of a field survey carried out in France, looking at six firms involved in cooperative conversion. The changes entailed are two‐dimensional, both material and mental. This is visible, for example, when finding the capital to mount an LMF: members of the workforce must draw on their own funds; they must also believe in the project. Through our empirical observations we highlight the obstacles in the way of forming an LMF. In particular participants must undertake a work of negotiation hinging on stakes marked by the two, largely inseparable dimensions. Ultimately we query the ethic brought into play in the collective action of constituting a Common. Specifically, individuals must contribute to a collective action underpinned by principles of self‐governance, or commoning, the rock on which the Common rests. A key finding of our study is to demonstrate that a Common can only be successfully created if the constituent processes are consistent with the overall goal. In other words the manner in which we travel is inseparable from our final destination; otherwise we shall surely lose our way.     

A REVIEW OF THE EMPIRICAL LITERATURE ON FARMER COOPERATIVES: PERFORMANCE,OWNERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE,FINANCE, AND MEMBER ATTITUDE

The empirical literature on farmer cooperatives is now fast emerging and developing in the areas of performance, ownership and governance, finance, and member attitude. We discuss 56 peer‐reviewed publications to illustrate the main findings and conclusions while outlining challenges and opportunities for future research. Generally, cooperative membership is found to positively impact price, yield, input adoption, income, and other indicators of member performance, yet there is growing evidence of an uneven distribution of benefits for small and large producers. In terms of structure, evidence of a causal relationship of ownership and governance to performance has been elusive, yet there are now many findings of inherent equity and long‐term debt constraints, often in the context of consolidation to drive scale and scope economies. Further inefficiency is observed to be driven by increased heterogeneity in member attitudes and objectives, in particular in terms of commitment and participation. Thus, overall, empirical work portrays farmer cooperatives as flawed and complex business organizations which nonetheless have a strong positive impact on its members. While applied research may progress in various directions, a general improvement in empirical methodologies is needed to allow robust analysis of mixed objectives in dynamic environments.     

天地一体化信息网络中天基卫星网络架构设计

为了充分利用各种空间设施资源，提升天基信息网络覆盖与传输能力，分别从天基信息网络体系架构和逻辑功能架构角度进行了系统性设计。与以往天基网络的设计不同，该设计更注重各类卫星网络的深度融合应用，为此将网络虚拟化技术引入天基卫星网络。同时，还提出了解决新架构下卫星组网难题的方法，将电磁涡旋、卫星灵活载荷和边缘计算技术设计到天基网络。仿真表明，所提出的架构能有效提升频谱利用率和减少卫星网络信令开销。     

跨国公司中的内部贸易问题探讨

随着跨国公司不断发展,其内部化贸易作用日显重要。本文从内部化贸易的理论依据开始,着重分析了内部化贸易在跨国公司资本运作中的作用以及其相应的负面影响,为我国在处理有关跨国公司内部化问题时提供了参考依据。     

跨国公司与发展中国家的社会稳定--兼论对中国的影响

跨国公司作为全球化的驱动器既给发展中国家的政治、经济与社会稳定带来正面影响，甚至成为社会稳定的一种标志，但又不可避免地产生一些负面效应。中国要在开放中坚持双赢的策略并加大风险意识，同时应倡导跨国公司承担更大的社会责任。     

农村合作运动与农业技术的植入——以民国时期江苏省为例(1927-1937)

农村合作运动是国民政府为发展农业生产、复兴农村经济、改善农民生活而实施的有关社会经济建设的行动。农村合作运动中组建的各种合作社,在改良品种、改进耕作技术、推广农业知识等方面发挥了重要的作用,扮演了引进和扩散现代农业生产要素的角色,丰富了作物的品种,提高了农业生产的效率,增加了农民收入。     

关于我国农村医疗保障制度的思考

构建和谐社会,保持经济社会的持久发展,必须关注民生。占中国人口70%以上的农民的基本医疗保障问题,可以说是最大的民生问题之一。通过对我国目前农村医疗保障的现状进行分析,并借鉴国外的农村医疗保障制度,结合我国实际情况提出了一些意见和建议。     

两级供应链中的利益分配

供应链中的利益分配问题是理论界和企业界都十分关注的问题,它关系到供应链联盟的稳定性,关系到企业之间利润分配的公平性。本文介绍了合作对策的一些基本概念;Shapley值求解合作对策的基本原理和公式,以及应用Shapley值方法求解两级供应链中的利益分配问题。     

新型集体经济的基本理念和改革实践

本文从理论和实际的结合上，对我国发展集体经济的认识与实践进行历史和现实的思考，阐述了以新型集体经济的理念改造传统集体企业，发展多种形式的集体经济，坚持和完善社会主义初级阶段的基本经济制度，推进中国特色社会主义事业发展的理论思路。