韩国高速铁路投融资体制和运营管理模式

研究韩国高速铁路投融资模式和运营管理模式,系统总结韩国高速铁路建设发展的特点和经验。韩国是通过引进国外先进技术并进行再创新的途径发展高速铁路,深入研究韩国高铁建设运营的实践经验,对于推动我国铁路现代化建设、实现高速铁路可持续发展具有重要的参考价值。     

Influence of the High-Speed Rail on the Spatial Pattern of Regional Tourism – Taken Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Rail of China as Example

This paper compares volumes, flows, and spatial patterns of traffic before and after the opening of the high-speed rail (HSR) link between Beijing and Shanghai. Evidence emerges of a significant change in the shape of isochrones within the region. Under the influence, the temporal and spatial distance between the source region and tourist destination is greatly reduced. Equally, multiple contact modes are more apparent and the overall structure of tourism flow network is closer after the opening of the HSR service. As can be seen from the above, the HSR has a significant impact on regional tourism traffic accessibility and then has a significant on the temporal and spatial distribution of regional tourism resource. The tourism flow will respond positively to the “space compression” effect.     

Corridors,hybrids and networks: three global development strategies for high speed rail

After 50 years of experience with high-speed rail (HSR) development in Asia and Europe, there are important lessons that can be derived to inform future efforts to introduce HSR. This paper identifies and explores three strategic models of HSR development: (1) exclusive corridors (e.g., Japan), (2) hybrid networks—both national (e.g., France and Germany) and international (e.g., European Union), and (3) comprehensive national networks (e.g., China and Spain). Evaluations of these models yield outcomes that range from generally positive assessments of the corridor and national hybrid models to more concerns and uncertainties about the international hybrid and comprehensive national network models. When applying these lessons to the United States, contextual differences can make direct applications problematic. At the same time, though, certain elements of these three models that have been proven to be successful elsewhere may be adaptable to the U.S. and other newcomers to HSR development.     

Integration of HSR and air transport: Understanding passengers’ preferences

Different solutions for the integration of high-speed rail (HSR) and air transport could be implemented, ranging from very basic integration to more sophisticated systems which include ticket and handling integration. A discrete choice experiment is conducted to better understand passengers’ preferences. We estimate a number of flexible choice models, taking into account the existence of systematic and random taste heterogeneity. We obtain a range of willingness-to-pay values for service quality attributes, finding some important results that can be used to infer policy conclusions about the real attractiveness of the Air–HSR integrated alternative. In this respect, we find that schedule coordination which reduces connecting time will be crucial.     

京沪高铁对主要站点旅游流时空分布影响

交通是影响旅游流时空分布的最主要因素之一。文章以京沪高铁线为例,运用旅游场理论和社会网络分析方法,比较京沪高铁开通前后9个主要高铁站点的旅游流时空分布变化特征。研究表明:高铁开通强化了北京、上海和南京等重要旅游客源地和目的地的领先地位,呈现出高铁旅游流的"马太效应";高铁促使靠近重要旅游目的地的竞争处于劣势的旅游地旅游流呈现"过道效应";高铁促使空间距离临近的两个城市的旅游流呈现"同城效应";高铁提升原本缺乏区位优势的旅游资源型站点的可进入性,同时对区域核心城市的交通依赖程度明显下降;高铁的时空压缩效应缩短旅途时间,可实现小长假的远程旅游,双休日的中程旅游,一定程度上避免了中远程旅游对黄金周的依赖,从而缓解出游时间的集中性,提高了旅游质量。     

郑西高铁客运服务质量评价及对策研究——以洛阳龙门车站为例

以旅客满意度为切入点,找出影响高速铁路客运服务质量的主要因素,并建立评价指标体系。通过采用专家排序定分法确定指标权重,以郑西高铁的龙门车站为例,使用抽样问卷调查法、层次分析法对郑西高铁的服务质量进行分析和评价。针对服务质量评价结果,找出高速铁路服务中的不足之处,并提出相应的改进对策及建议。     

高铁站区产业空间发展机制——基于高铁乘客特征的分析

与都市区其他区域相比,高铁站区日益成为国家空间政策的关键性战略节点,承受着更高投资强度,也面临更大发展压力。首先,依据利益相关者分析理论,从众多利益相关者中识别出高铁站区产业空间的行为主体——高铁乘客。其次,在分析4类高铁乘客行为特征、活动区域和需求预期差异的基础上,阐释同样的服务设施由于乘客需求的差异而呈现不同的交通属性和消费属性,分析这一站区产业成长机制。最后,在增长极理论和圈层理论的基础上,阐释高铁站区产业设施随着高铁乘客需求意愿和使用频率的降低围绕高铁站由近及远分布的圈层空间机制。以此初步构建了基于高铁乘客出行特征的高铁站区产业空间发展机制的理论分析框架,为高铁站区产业空间的调控优化、分类指导提供决策参考。     

Firm location and corporate dividend policy: evidence from China

We investigate the relation between a firm’s geographic location and its dividend policy. We find that firms headquartered in the National Central Cities, cities with high-speed rail (HSR), and with shorter distance to the nearest National Central City pay higher dividends. We find evidence that attributes the higher dividends to an increase in the number of analysts’ site visits, greater information transparency, and a reduction in financial constraints. Finally, the observed increases in dividends tend to be stronger for firms that benefit the most from improvements in the information environment after the arrival of HSR, such as firms located in regions without regional airports, firms located in areas with a lower regional gross domestic product, firms located a greater distance to the closest National Central City, and firms that are smaller, state-owned, have a shorter listing history in the exchanges, and have a more concentrated ownership.     

Territorial cohesion impacts of high-speed rail under different zoning systems

Large-scale transport infrastructure projects such as high-speed rail (HSR) produce significant effects on the spatial distribution of accessibility. These effects, commonly known as territorial cohesion effects, are receiving increasing attention in the research literature. However, there is little empirical research into the sensitivity of these cohesion results to methodological issues such as the definition of the limits of the study area or the zoning system. In a previous paper (Ortega et al., 2012), we investigated the influence of scale issues, comparing the cohesion results obtained at four different planning levels. This paper makes an additional contribution to our research with the investigation of the influence of zoning issues. We analyze the extent to which changes in the size of the units of analysis influence the measurement of spatial inequalities.The methodology is tested by application to the Galician (north-western) HSR corridor, with a length of nearly 670 km, included in the Spanish PEIT (Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan) 2005–2020. We calculated the accessibility indicators for the Galician HSR corridor and assessed their corresponding territorial distribution. We used five alternative zoning systems depending on the method of data representation used (vector or raster), and the level of detail (cartographic accuracy or cell size). Our results suggest that the choice between a vector-based and raster-based system has important implications. The vector system produces a higher mean accessibility value and a more polarized accessibility distribution than raster systems. The increased pixel size of raster-based systems tends to give rise to higher mean accessibility values and a more balanced accessibility distribution. Our findings strongly encourage spatial analysts to acknowledge that the results of their analyses may vary widely according to the definition of the units of analysis.     

经济学视角的高速铁路盈利能力分析

高速铁路盈利性是其财务可持续性的直接反映,是其投融资模式的直接反映,是我国高速铁路和铁路产业发展形态的直接反映。高速铁路发展模式主要包括股权主导型发展模式、负债主导型发展模式、财政主导型发展模式三种类型。我国高速铁路公益性突出,采用的主要是负债主导型发展模式,在铁路价格受到严格管制,市场化水平有待提升的情况下,亟需构建多渠道长效补贴机制,以克服高速铁路可能产生的营运困难。美国、日本、欧盟等国家和地区的经验教训也证明了构建长效补贴机制、进行铁路产业改革、保持铁路财务可持续性的必要性。