Linking scenarios across geographical scales in international environmental assessments

The development and analysis of scenarios or plausible futures has evolved to be a useful approach for dealing with uncertainty about future developments in a structured and integrated manner. Commonly, scenario exercises have focussed on processes at one specific geographic scale. Recently scenario-based approaches have also been used to address multi-scale processes or to link scenarios developed at various geographical scales with each other in order to better understand the interaction of processes across scales.The level of interconnectedness across scales will vary, and depends largely on the approaches used to develop multi-scale scenarios. We distinguish five levels of interconnectedness scenarios may display across scales: (a) Equivalent, (b) Consistent, (c) Coherent, (d) Comparable, and (e) Complementary. Furthermore, we describe five different types of coupled scenario development processes: (a) Joint, (b) Parallel, (c) Iterative, (d) Consecutive, and (e) Independent.Based on this nomenclature, the relationship between the level of interconnectedness of scenarios and the degree of coupling of scenario development processes across geographical scales is discussed. Which process is best suited and how much interconnectedness is needed, will depend both on the focal issue and the primary purpose of the scenario exercise, i.e. whether the aim is education, scientific exploration, or decision-support.     

基于测评的EMBA领导力开发的探索和实践——以上海财经大学为例

针对EMBA领导力开发过程中的热点问题，以上海财经大学EMBA领导力开发项目创新教育实践为例，探索以测评为基础，以战略性思维和人才管理能力为培养重点的领导力开发教育模式，努力形成EMBA教育中领导力开发的创新机制。     

城市河流景观规划设计研究现状分析

随着我国城市化进程的快速推进,工农业的快速发展以及人口急剧膨胀,城市的河流污染严重,生态系统遭到严重破坏。本文对国内外城市河流景观规划设计研究的发展历程进行总结,并着眼于城市河流健康评价研究、城市河流景观规划理论研究、重大河流治理项目实践、城市河流景观规划中生态修复设计等几个方面归纳;提出国内城市河流景观规划设计研究中存在的问题和未来研究的可行方向,以期推动国内对城市河流生态环境的关注和多角度的纵向深入研究,同时也是对国内众多河流景观规划设计项目或河流生态治理工程起到借鉴与指导作用。     

我国生态旅游发展对策浅析

生态旅游被认为是目前能实现旅游业可持续发展的最佳选择之一。本文从生态旅游的概念、特点和功能入手,简要分析了我国生态旅游发展中存在的问题,提出了发展我国生态旅游的对策与建议。     

Assessment of natural resources for nature-based tourism: : the case of the Central Coast Region of Western Australia

Resources for development of a nature-based tourism industry were identified and assessed in the Central Coast Region of Western Australia. The assessment framework developed used both qualitative and quantitative techniques to establish levels of attraction, accessibility, presence of infrastructure and the level of environmental degradation. Data were gathered using a checklist approach to quantify characteristics of sites. Resource assessment was completed using matrices with relevant indicators incorporating weighting techniques. Sixty-five potential nature-based tourism resource sites were identified. The attraction diversity in the Region is high, although the resources were associated with poor accessibility, low levels of tourism infrastructure and moderate levels of environmental degradation. Results from this research were presented to government authorities and incorporated into the planning process. This paper highlights some of the difficulties associated with establishing objective resource evaluation techniques for nature-based tourism, as well as key findings from the research.