Women’s empowerment and nutrition status: The case of iron deficiency in India

In this paper we study the relationship between women’s empowerment in agriculture and their iron deficiency status in Maharashtra, India. This is the first time the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) has been used in association with explicit measurement of medical biomarkers for women’s iron deficiency status. Using primary data for 960 women we find that the log odds of a poor iron status in women decline as women’s empowerment levels in agriculture improve. Further, this decline is seen in the presence of multiple dietary diversity measures (dietary diversity score, share of rice and wheat in the diet, total iron intake and iron intake from iron-rich food groups – all for 24-h and 30-day recalls) suggesting that in addition to dietary pathways women’s empowerment can play a role in addressing micronutrient deficiencies like those of iron in a vulnerable sub-group of the population. It also reinforces the need to move away from the ‘staple grain fundamentalism’ that has characterized agricultural policy in India, towards more nutrition-sensitive food systems.     

Modelling the iron ore price index: A new perspective from a hybrid data reconstructed EEMD-GORU model

As iron ore is the fundamental steel production resource, predicting its price is strategically important for risk management at related enterprises and projects. Based on a signal decomposition technology and an artificial neural network, this paper proposes a hybrid EEMD-GORU model and a novel data reconstruction method to explore the price risk and fluctuation correlations between China’s iron ore futures and spot markets, and to forecast the price index series of China’s and international iron ore spot markets from the futures market. The analysis found that the iron ore futures market in China better reflected the price fluctuations and risk factors in the imported and international iron ore spot markets. However, the forward price in China’s iron ore futures market was unable to adequately reflect the changes in the domestic iron ore market, and was therefore unable to fully disseminate domestic iron ore market information. The proposed model was found to provide better market risk perceptions and predictions through its combinations of the different volatility information in futures and spot markets. The results are valuable references for the early-warning and management of the related enterprise project risks.     

我国钢铁业产业内贸易的实证研究

文章从整体和分类两个层面上对我国钢产量居世界第一以来的钢铁业产业内贸易的水平和结构进行了实证研究。结果表明,我国钢铁业产业内贸易水平较低,贸易变动主要由产业间贸易引起;而且钢铁业的垂直型产业内贸易水平较低,产业内贸易以水平型产业内贸易为主。我国为此应该采取相关对策,促进钢铁业产业内贸易的发展。     

铁矿石价格上涨的宏观经济影响

近年来,铁矿石价格的持续飙升给我国经济造成了巨大的影响.本文采用国家信息中心与澳大利亚MONASH大学共同开发的SICGE模型对进口铁矿石涨价的影响进行了模拟.结果显示,与2010年基准情景相比,铁矿石价格上涨90%对我国总体经济影响很小(-0.37%).从物价水平角度来看,与现有文献的结论有很大的不同,铁矿石价格上涨...     

《盐铁论》与皇朝财政的基因

在汉代所留下的经典财政学文献《盐铁论》中,至少讨论了财政领域三大问题:财政支出规模是大好还是小好?工商业是否可成为财政收入的来源?如何管理暴利性资源商品?对这些问题的回答,形成了后世皇朝财政运行的基本原则(即基因),并主导了皇朝财政向近代的转型。在皇朝国家的重建与常态运行中,成为主导性原则(显基因)的主要是:财政支出规模应该小,财政不应以工商业为收入来源,暴利性资源应该控制在国家手中。但在皇朝国家遭遇重大危机,处于变异和转型时期,下述隐基因显性化成为主导性财政原则:财政支出必须扩大,财政收入必须以工商业为基础,放开暴利性资源给民间经营由政府征税。     

Human resources in Sino-foreign joint ventures: selected case studies in Shanghai,compared with Beijing

This article examines HRM in joint ventures (JVs) in Shanghai compared with those in Beijing using a case-study approach. It focuses primarily on issues relating to labour contracts, rewards and benefits, social insurance, trade unions and personnel policies, and describes current developments in China in each of these areas. In order to place these JV human resource practices in context, we also draw on interviews in state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Shanghai and Beijing. Taking as a starting point a summary of traditional SOE 'iron rice-bowl' ( tie fan wan ) practices in the management of personnel, we ask to what extent HRM in the present JV sample differs from traditional methods and to what extent 'iron rice-bowl' practices continue despite foreign ownership. The extent to which HR practices in JVs are distinct from those in contemporary SOEs is also examined. We conclude that, although, as one would expect, foreign ownership has modified traditional practice, the degree and extent to which this is true varies widely. There is strong evidence of institutional and organizational continuity in 'iron rice-bowl' practices in both JVs and SOEs. Finally we propose a framework for categorizing the companies investigated in terms of their distance from traditional 'iron rice-bowl' HR practices and proximity to 'imported' practices. This consists of two 'pure' and two hybrid categories: pure 'iron rice-bowl'; hybrid I (predominantly local); hybrid II (predominantly imported): and, finally, pure imported. In this schema, the companies examined do not however group neatly according to whether they are JVs or SOEs.     

Double-fortified salt reduces anemia,benefit:cost ratio is modestly favorable

Iron deficiency is very widespread, with adverse consequences for health and cognition. Iron supplementation is not popular for long-term use, and cereal fortification is not feasible where milling occurs locally. Double-fortified salt (DFS: using both iron and iodine) is an alternative. The study undertakes a literature survey to find the effect of DFS on hemoglobin, and then uses a previous algorithm to make calculations for India. The benefit:cost ratio was estimated as 2.4:1 if only the benefits to children and women were included, and between 4:1 and 5:1 if anemia levels for men also decreased. This is just a little lower than the median ratio estimated for iron fortification of cereal staples (6.7:1), for home fortification for children less than two (37:1), and for biofortification – breeding for high iron – of cereals (high, but no exact figure available). Double-fortified salt is therefore a good alternative for improving iron status in populations where fortification of other staple foods does not achieve desired coverage.     

中国钢铁企业参与铁矿石期货市场价值研究

自从铁矿石期货交易去年在大连交易所开始后,钢铁企业都非常关注这种金融工具的运行机制以及它对企业的影响。本文结合中国的特殊环境,主要分析了铁矿石期货市场对钢铁产业的功能和作用,铁矿石期货市场能帮助钢铁企业解决什么问题;钢铁企业利用铁矿石期货市场的方法和手段,主要是帮助钢铁企业清楚地认识铁矿石期货市场的价值,利用期货市场提升企业竞争力。     

钢铁联合研究基金资助与可持续发展的思考

钢铁联合基金是我国国有企业与国家自然科学基金委联合出资建立的专项研究基金,该项基金的设立实现了企业与高校的资源共享.但该研究基金实施三年来,在项目管理等方面存在诸多问题,因此,应在明确行业特点、保证项目质量、加强合作等方面做进一步的改善.     

论某铁矿不同勘探网度所探求的储量级别

本文依地质统计学的基本原理,在研究某铁矿矿体数学特征和估计其储量误差的基础上,定量地确定了该铁矿不同勘探网度所探求的储量级别。