Stuck in the Middle: Off-Farm Employment and Caregiving Among Middle-Aged Rural Chinese

ABSTRACT

Using the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–12 baseline data, this contribution explores to what extent taking care of grandchildren and frail parents influences rural middle-aged Chinese adults’ off-farm employment. The findings show that, conditional on socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, taking care of grandchildren has a negative effect on rural middle-aged men's and women's off-farm job participation and hours worked. Caregiving for parents does not have the same negative effects on off-farm employment and hours worked. Furthermore, the study finds that annual earnings are also negatively affected by caregiving responsibilities, especially for women and men taking care of grandchildren.     

简析《人到中年》的创作

<人到中年>是一篇优秀的中篇小说.其无论是在艺术结构,还是人物形象的刻画上,都是很成功的.小说不仅通过塑造陆文婷等人物形象表现了中年知识分子的广阔胸襟,而且也由此提出让人思考的严肃问题.     

Rugby Union among middle-aged American men: an exploration

Although rugby union, a full-contact sport, is usually considered as a leisure activity in the domain of young people, the motivations and effects of rugby union played by middle-aged men are not clear. The purpose of this study is to examine the motivations and participation effects of middle-aged American men participating in rugby in the USA. This study concentrates on rugby union (hereinafter referred to as rugby) as opposed to rugby league. Data were collected through in-depth interviews during an international amateur masters’ tournament. A total of 14 amateur rugby players with ages ranging from 35 to 52 were interviewed. This study found that the motivations for rugby participation were making friends, the love of rugby and self-actualisation. The participation effects of rugby were a long-term commitment, skill improvement and cultural awareness. Moreover, these findings on the motivations and effects of rugby help support the conclusion that this sport among the middle-aged group can be considered as a serious leisure activity.     

Testing Alternative Leisure Constraint Negotiation Models: An Extension of Hubbard and Mannell's Study

The purpose of this study was to test a model of the leisure constraint negotiation process proposed by Hubbard and Mannell. A multidimensional measure of physically active leisure was used to extend their findings to a sample of middle-aged and older adults in a metropolitan park setting. Volunteers and visitors (aged 50–87 years) of a Midwestern metropolitan park agency completed a self-administered questionnaire. Results of a two-step structural equation modeling procedure suggested a constraint-negotiation dual channel model. In this model, the negative influence of constraints on participation was almost entirely offset by the positive effect of negotiation strategies. The effect of motivation on participation was fully mediated by negotiation. The implications of these findings for studying constraint negotiation and active leisure in mid- to late-life are discussed.     

中年期员工工作倦怠研究

中年期员工工作倦怠问题越来越引起人们的关注,中年期员工年富力强,精明能干,但另一方面,他们又充满沮丧、困惑和倦怠。生活的压力、知识老化、工作与个人兴趣不一致以及企业对中年期员工缺乏有效的职业规划等是中年期员工职业倦怠的原因。因此,企业要从建立完善的职业规划、在公司范围转变职业道路、担任新员工的导师、提供新的培训四个方面进行中年期员工人力资本管理,重振中年期员工工作活力。     

社会保险对农村中老年居民养老模式选择的影响分析

到2013年,我国农村地区基本建立了以新型农村社会养老保险和新型农村合作医疗保险为支柱的社会保险体系。文章重点研究社会保险的建立是否会对农村中老年居民中,有配偶以及无配偶居民的养老模式选择产生影响。利用中国健康与养老追踪调查2008年与2012年面板数据,并采用倾向评分匹配法,研究发现,社会保险的介入改变了农村中老年居民的养老模式意愿,提高了中老年人选择与配偶一起居住（独居）或者选择养老院的可能性。同时,有配偶的更加倾向于选择与配偶一起居住,而无配偶的选择养老院的比例也有所提高。这说明社会保险对于农村地区传统的养老模式产生了影响。     

海南中老年亚健康状况及其饮食行为调查研究

目的:调查海南中老年亚健康状况及饮食行为,提出合理的建议。方法:采用横断面调查法,对2018年12月至2020年5月海南某地区1000名中老年群体的健康状况进行调查,提出合理的建议。结果:中老年群体中高血压占比最高20.3%;其次为高血脂;BMI 24.0~27.9 kg·m^-2占比64.5%;海南中老年人饮食行为评分中,15~19分人数最多,共计401例,占比40.1%。结论:海南大部分中老年群体处于亚健康状态,需加强其对自身健康状况的关注程度。     

补充医疗保险对中老年人医疗服务利用的影响研究

我国基本医疗保障制度顶层设计逐渐完善，但针对部分高额医疗费用，基本医保的报销水平仍然有限，与基本医疗保险相衔、面向全体基本医疗保险参保人员的补充医疗保险将作为在更大范围分散风险的补偿手段满足人民群众的医疗需求，为此探究补充医疗保险对中老年人医疗服务利用的影响。 采用2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查（CHARLS）的数据，构建两部模型进行分析探究。 结果表明，补充医疗保险增加了中老年人体检、门诊和住院的可能性，同时减少了其在门诊费用支出。 因此，政府应鼓励居民购买补充医疗保险，以解决基本医疗保险无法满足患者的医疗服务需求的问题，同时为我国补充医疗保险发展提出相关建议。     

浅谈中青年科普作品的亲和力与感召力：以科普栏目《学姐来了》的质性数据分析为例

以170篇《学姐来了》文章为样本,探讨中青年科普作品的特点,考察其内容亲和力和感召力,重点分析科学精神和科学家精神的传播情况。利用质性数据分析方法,对科普内容作高频词分析、内容分类和交叉分析等。研究发现,《学姐来了》科普作品的主要特征是,围绕孩子、健康养生等科学话题,通过良好的衔接、幽默的用语方式,将理性逻辑和求真批判的科学精神与协同、育人等科学家精神传播给中青年群体;样本内容的亲和力主要通过语言的衔接性和幽默来实现;样本中体现科学精神的内容多于体现科学家精神的内容,二者的出现具有正相关性;随着时间的变化,样本的亲和力波动幅度很小,而感召力的波动较大。因此,科普内容应适当增强“爱国”“奉献”等体现科学家精神的感召力;中青年群体科普的“二重性”和可能存在的科普需求年龄后移趋势值得进一步研究。     

高校中年女性馆员边缘化初探

本文从分析高校图书馆中年女性馆员走向边缘化的根源入手,有针对性地探讨了预防及改善中年女性馆员边缘化的方法,旨在让中年女性馆员保持积极向上的精神状态,为高校图书馆的发展做出自己的贡献。