中国区域农业科技资源配置能力及比较优势研究*——基于省级农业科学院视角

[目的]通过测算各地区农业科技资源的配置能力,分析其比较优势并找出不足以便弥补差距,促进各区域农业科技配置能力的提高,为各地区农业经济的发展提供支持。省级农业科学院作为各省市规模最大、综合实力最强的农业科研机构,是农业科技创新的重要主体之一,分析其科技资源配置能力具有重要的现实意义。[方法]基于2009—2016年相关数据,遴选了有代表性的评价指标体系,运用突变级数法计算农业科技资源配置能力,运用NRCA模型定量分析农业科技资源配置效益的比较优势。[结果]山东农业科学院科技资源配置能力位居全国第一,甘肃、江苏、青海农业科学院分别在农业科技人力、物力、财力资源方面具有明显的比较优势。[结论]省级农业科学院科技资源配置能力区域差异十分明显,但区域格局变化不大,且大致与各地区经济实力相吻合;农业科技资源配置能力较高的农业科学院大多在农业科技物力资源配置效益方面具有比较优势,在农业科技人力、财力资源配置效益方面不具备比较优势。     

Statistics for Studies of Human Welfare

Developments in the recent past have substantially increased our ability to measure, compute, and communicate. We take the view that a corresponding improved understanding of processes in the life sciences will come about only through more intensive studies of properties of statistical methods and algorithms and transparent, open source computing environments.     

增强高校人文社会科学研究竞争力初探

本文分析和研究了高校人文社会科学研究竞争力评价指标体系,并以部分财经类高校为研究案例,提出了增强高校人文社会科学研究竞争力,实施“三优”战略的决策建议。     

Transfer sciences: management of distributed knowledge production

This paper is concerned to develop the notion of transfer science to take account of what is perceived to be the emergence of a new mode of knowledge production. The new mode which is characterised by the production of knowledge in the context of application, by transdisciplinarity, by homogeneity and organisational diversity, by enhanced social accountability and reflexivity, and by new forms of quality control. The thrust of the new mode of knowledge production is to call into question conventional notions of knowledge transfer and focuses instead on the organisational and managerial implications of the emergence of a socially distributed knowledge production system. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the policy implications of the emergence of the new mode of production. Needed in the new mode are science and technology policies which promote institutional permeability and policies which enable governments, acting through their civil service to act as brokers in the new knowledge production process. Such brokerage is necessary to enhance permeability between institutions within a particular country but also to increase co-operation and collaboration between institutions across countries.     

Applications of Statistics in the Field of General Insurance: An Overview

This is an expository paper on applications of statistics in the field of general insurance, also called non‐life insurance. Unlike life insurance where advanced statistical techniques have long been part of financial mathematics and actuarial applications, their use is only relatively recent in non‐life insurance. The business model of insurance companies, especially those active in non‐life insurance, has seen dramatic changes over the last 15 years. The aim of this paper is to convince the readers that especially today non‐life insurance is not only an exciting ground to apply existing modern statistical tools but also a fertile environment for new and challenging statistical developments. The activities of an insurance company can be viewed as an industrial process where data management and data analysis play a key role. That is why a fundamental understanding of data‐related issues (such as data quality, variability, analysis and correct interpretation) is so essential to the insurance business. These are exactly the tasks where professional statisticians excel. Also, a better understanding of the field of general insurance by statisticians will promote fruitful exchanges between actuaries and statisticians, thereby helping to bring actuarial and statistical professional societies closer to each other. Selected examples are used to cover the essential aspects of general insurance, and all of them are based on the author's experience. The paper concludes with some remarks on the role of statisticians working in general insurance.     

人文社会科学论文写作说略

进行人文社会科学论文写作前,必须有两个准备：一是具有比较丰富的人文素养和一定的专业知识积淀;二是选好题。选题要具有学术研究价值;具有时代性和实践性意义;要有创意。选题的动因大抵有两种,其一是兴趣;其二是角色要求。后者越来越成为写作者的主要动机。确定选题之后,必须列写作提纲,并在翻阅材料当中不断充实提纲。进而进入写作过程,写作过程是一个将自己的观点与材料融合的过程,是一个用自己的思路驾驭材料、统领材料,使材料为自己的论述服务的过程,所用材料必须标明出处,写作还需合乎规范。写作过程完成后,必须本着精益求精的态度进行修改,达到首先能说服自己,进而说服他人的境界。     

马克斯·韦伯的社会科学研究方法论探析

韦伯的研究方法包含着三个有机的组成部分,即价值关联、理想类型和价值中立。韦伯方法论学说的意义在于:从方法论的整体主义走向个体主义,从寻求社会规律本质上的因果关系到发现个别社会现象的多因果关系,从追求社会科学功用的全能期望到有意识的自我限制。     

理工科开设技术经济学课程的必要性及其教学方法

为了适应我国近年来市场经济飞速发展、人才的知识层次全面发展，理工科学生进入工作岗位后，技术经济的分析将必不可少，高校教育必须适应这种需求。文章论证了理工科开设技术经济课程的必要性，并根据个人的教学过程总结了教学经验。     

享年次高的诺贝尔奖得主——新制度经济学大师罗纳德·科斯

1991年诺贝尔经济学奖得主、英国和美国(双重国籍)经济学家和法学家罗纳德·科斯是交易成本理论、科斯定理和科斯猜想的首创者,法律经济学和新制度经济学的开山鼻祖,产权理论和产权经济学的奠基人,他开启了产权理论、法律经济学和新制度经济学三个领域的研究方向。科斯是国际经济学界的泰斗级大师和巨匠,他在阐述经济组织产生的原理、交易成本分析以及推动法学、经济史和组织理论的发展方面作出重要贡献,发展了新古典经济学,开创了现代企业理论。科斯一生都关切和热爱中国,一直密切关注着中国的经济改革,其经济理论和深邃思想对中国的经济改革影响巨大而深远。     

2013年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2014年展望 ——2013年中国土地科学研究项目资助情况分析报告

研究目的：依据《2013年土地科学研究重点进展评述及2014年展望》所引用的中文参考文献,梳理国内重点研究进展项目的成果来源及特点,分析国内土地科学研究的学科基础,总结国内土地科学各研究方向的平均成果周期;结合2013年国家自然科学基金、国家社会科学基金、教育部人文社科基金、国土部公益性行业科研专项的新立项目,分析各项基金及科技项目对中国土地科学研究的资助偏好,展望未来土地科学研究热点。研究方法：文献检索法。研究结论：各省部级以上基金和科技项目的资助偏好存在一定差异。土地科学研究未来的热点主要集中在优化土地空间格局、完善土地管理制度、重视土地质量提升等方面。