湿地公园规划的生态服务功能影响预评价

鉴于湿地生态系统的特殊性和敏感性,科学地保护和利用湿地资源、合理地进行湿地利用规划,一直是相关学者所关注的问题;以安徽省北部淮河三汊河湿地为例,从水文调节、大气调节、水体净化、物质生产、文化功能、提供生境和生物多样性价值等方面采用替代成本法、恢复成本法、市场价格法和影子工程法对湿地生态服务价值进行经济核算;分别以生态服务功能价值的理论值(2152.9万元)和现状值(1982.7万元)为参考标准,进行湿地公园规划对湿地生态影响的比较分析,预评价湿地公园规划后的生态服务功能价值为2447.2万元,较理论值和现状值都高;在各项服务功能中,除物质生产功能影响为负值外,其它各项值均为正值,在水文调节、水体净化和文化功能方面变化值较大,因而,从生态服务功能角度考虑,可以认为公园规划具备合理性和可行性。     

试论我国湿地生态效益补偿制度框架构建

湿地是物种多样、资源丰富的生态系统,同时兼具经济、生态和社会三大价值。湿地生态效益补偿制度的建立,是稳定湿地周边经济,保障湿地有效保护和可持续发展的重要制度。在分析阐述我国湿地生态效益补偿制度建立的目的、原则的基础上,进一步确立了我国湿地生态效益补偿制度涉及的相关利益者和主客体,探讨了建立湿地生态效益补偿制度的补偿标准、补偿手段,初步构建了我国湿地生态效益补偿制度的补偿框架。     

上海城市发展中的湿地保护与可持续利用

认为湿地对上海的土地供给、水源补充、生物多样性保护和生态服务具有的重要价值,湿地是上海城市发展的重要战略资源;分析了上海市保护和利用湿地的现状和存在的问题;从泥沙利用、保护区调整、湿地科学利用等方面就上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展进行了思考;最后从协调机制、功能分区、协调围垦和保护、规范利用、控制污染、法律保障和信息共享等方面提出了促进上海实现湿地保护和利用协调发展的政策建议.     

浅论滨海红树林湿地的生态功能——以泉州湾为例

红树林湿地主要分布于热带、亚热带淤泥质海岸或河口区潮间带,其在维护海岸生态平衡方面有独特的作用,但是,由于滨海地区城市化、工业化、农业生产等影响,红树林湿地发生明显变化,红树林结构和功能明显退化。本文以泉州湾为例,分析红树林湿地生态功能、影响因子,并提出开发与保护红树林湿地生态功能的若干措施。     

我国湿地生态旅游资源保护与开发利用研究

湿地生态旅游资源保护是湿地生态旅游资源开发和生态旅游业可持续发展的需要；我国湿地生态旅游资源丰富，类型多样，分布面积广大，几乎涵盖了我国所有的自然地理区域，造就了我国湿地生态旅游资源的多样性；由于过去长期不合理的开发利用，致使我国湿地生态旅游资源遭到了严重的破坏，本文根据我国湿地生态旅游资源的现状和特点，指出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发中存在的问题，提出了我国湿地生态旅游资源开发利用对策，以实现我国湿地生态旅游资源的可持续发展。     

江苏省湿地的基本特征及保护

本文论述了江苏省湿地的基本特征,从可持续发展的角度,深入剖析目前湿地现状及存在问题,并提出了江苏省湿地生态系统保护利用的科学对策。     

滇池湿地现状及保护对策

湿地可以看作是一个内部过程长期为水控制的水—陆过渡的复合生态系统。滇池湿地具有重要而又独特的环境功能,蕴含着多样性的生物资源。近年来,滇池湿地生态严重退化,质量功能下降。本文通过分析滇池湿地退化现象和原因,提出了滇池湿地资源保护对策。     

Climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural landscapes: The case of Bay of Fundy agricultural dykelands (Nova Scotia,Canada)

North America has few cultural agricultural landscapes, and often commensurately poor governance arrangements for managing change in such settings. This research uses the Acadian dykelands of Nova Scotia, Canada, as an opportunity to explore the social and governance limits to coastal climate adaptation in ‘new world’ cultural agricultural landscapes, as well as inform local decision-making. Approximately half of Nova Scotia’s coastal wetlands were converted to dykeland in the 1600s, lowering local resilience to the increased frequency and storm severity anticipated with climate change. Today, dykelands protect a diversity of public and private interests, meanings and values, yet are controlled by the agricultural sector, which can no longer afford to maintain them all to 2050 climate projections. We report here on a representative online Q-methodology survey of 183 adult Nova Scotians in the spring of 2015. Respondents sorted 34 statements along a normal distribution about whether they prefer dykeland maintenance or wetland restoration, and under what governance arrangements. Four factors were derived: the dominant discourse was local, female and strongly pro-dykeland, indicating the likelihood for local resistance to dykeland removal on for cultural, recreational and farming reasons. The second factor was supportive of wetland restoration for reasons of efficiency, not wetland affinity, but characterized by those in positions of management power. The two minority viewpoints were less informed about dykelands, characteristic of outsiders, and concerned more with governance. More education is needed about the challenges facing dykelands, the benefits of coastal wetlands, and the management options, but this research shows proposals to change landscape should emphasize flood mitigation over cost-saving. Cultural values and status quo bias are clearly barriers to adaptation planning, even when discussing the removal of man-made structures. The factors were surprisingly polarized, suggesting the forced-normal distribution affects the space available to convey nuanced perspectives. Large p-set Q-method of this kind is likely most useful for characterizing the emergent discourses demographically, and understanding their prevalence; the same discourses had emerged within a much smaller pilot study.     

Social media-based analysis of cultural ecosystem services and heritage tourism in a coastal region of Mexico

Understanding spatial patterns of visitation and benefits accrued to different types of natural and cultural heritage tourists may have important implications for the sustainable management of their destinations. We investigate cultural services accrued to local, domestic and international visitors to the Usumacinta floodplain, a coastal region with one of the highest biological and cultural diversities in Mexico. We combine analysis of social media photographs and high-resolution land cover mapping to identify different cultural services and their association with specific ecosystem and land cover types. Hotspots for international tourists are spatially restricted to well-known and accessible sites. Locals are 2.2–2.5 times more likely than international visitors to be associated with aesthetic appreciation and birdwatching. Locals upload more photographs of coastal lagoons, mangroves, beach and sea. Results are analyzed in light of land cover changes in the region and provide valuable information to decision makers for improved tourism management and conservation strategies.     

陕西黄河湿地生态问题及保护初探

陕西黄河湿地是由黄河及其支流渭河、洛河三条河流交汇而形成的,交汇处主要以河床漫滩为主,由河流水面、江心洲、滩涂、泛洪平原及部分低阶地组成,是典型的河流湿地。近年来随着周边经济的发展,人类开发利用湿地的强度越来越大,湿地生态系统及其功能退化明显。因此研究和保护这一湿地,对区域生态环境的建设有着重大意义。本文将河流湿地开发利用过程中出现的问题进行了分析,针对水资源减少、生物多样性锐减和环境污染等问题提出了一些开发与保护措施。