西安市耕地后备资源调查评价方法与指标优化

通过对耕地后备资源调查评价方法和指标体系进行优化,达到在查清耕地后备资源数量的基础上进一步掌握其可开发利用程度的目的,促进耕地后备资源调查评价成果更加有效地应用于土地整治工作,提高成果的实用性。     

基于耕地质量分等更新成果的基本农田划定——以江苏省高邮市周山镇为例

划定基本农田对保障粮食安全有重要意义,而合理评价耕地综合质量是基本农田划定的重要前提与基础。以江苏省高邮市周山镇为例,基于耕地质量分等更新成果,从区位条件、便利条件和空间形态条件三方面构建了修正因素体系,并采用加权修正法测算了耕地的综合质量指数,最终根据上级政府给周山镇下达的基本农田保护面积,按综合质量指数的高低确定了入选基本农田的耕地。研究结果表明:周山镇耕地修正后的综合质量指数范围为2562-2735,指数≥2613的耕地入选基本农田,其面积为31.34 hm2;入选基本农田的耕地空间分布范围与现状相比更能满足国家对基本农田划定的要求。     

The evolving concepts of land administration in China: Cultivated land protection perspective

This paper presents a holistic method by integrating three concepts (land resources management, assets supervision and political governance for sustainability) for investigation of land administration in China, taking into consideration of cultivated land protection for a testimony with econometric method. Theoretically, in this self-organizing integrated method, land resources management focuses on the productivity of land; land assets supervision centralizes on the realization of land usufruct rights in land transference; land political governance for sustainability concentrates on harmonious linkage of economic efficiency, social stability and environmental safety of land use. Their interrelations are complex. Methodologically, the results indicate that the theoretical model is feasible to explain variations of cultivated land protection with these three concepts. Cultivated land decreases with increasing land value increment multiples, and is positive with political governance concept, but not in a linear fashion. Finally the results suggest that roles of government in land administration need to be changed and strengthened, supporting complete compensation for land expropriation and modification to policies of cultivated land.     

Rental markets for cultivated land and agricultural investments in China

The purpose of this paper is to empirically track the progress and consequences of the emergence of cultivated land markets in China since 2000. We draw on a set of nationwide, household‐level panel data (for 2000 and 2008) and find that the markets for cultivated land rental have emerged robustly. According to our data, 19 of China's cultivated land was rented in farm operators in 2008. We also find that the nature of China's cultivated land rental contracts has become more formal and lengthened the period of time that the tenant is able to cultivate the rented‐in plots. While there may be benefits for lessors and tenants, our data show that there are falling rates of investment in organic manure. The farmers in our sample have reduced organic manure use from 13 tons/ha in 2000 to 5 tons/ha in 2008. Part of this fall is due to the rise of cultivated land rental markets. The analysis, however, does not find that improved property rights in cultivated land rental affect investment largely because property rights have largely been established by 2000, the first year of our sample. Our results, however, also show that there are forces that appear to be mitigating the negative consequences of rising cultivated land rental. After holding constant initial rental rates and other factors, we find that the gap between investment in organic manure in own land and rented‐in land is narrowing. One interpretation of our findings is that if policymakers can find ways to even further strengthen the rights of lessors and tenants as well as lengthen contract periods, farmers—even those that rent—will invest more in their land, because they will be able to capture the returns to their investments.     

耕地保护的外部性分析

耕地不只是给农民带来经济收益，更重要的是为全社会的稳定及生态环境带来了巨大的效益，耕地这种强烈的外部性客观上要求耕地保护不仅仅是农民的责任，更应是全社会的共同责任。本文在深入分析耕地保护外部性表现的基础上，根据耕地保护外部性内部化的要求，提出了我国耕地保护的基本思路。     

湖北省耕地生态足迹动态分析

研究采用可变地区单产法，对湖北省1990～2004年耕地的生态足迹进行了动态的分析。结果表明，在研究时段内人均耕地生态足迹由1990年的0．3442ghm^2降至2004年0．2736ghm^2，下降了20151％。人均耕地生态承载力总体上也是呈下降趋势，从1990年的0．1485ghm^2下降到2004年0．1165ghm^2，下降了21．56％。耕地的生态赤字的总体呈小幅度波动，由1990年的0．1956ghm^2变为2004年的0．1571ghm^2.在分析时段内，耕地生态强度指数呈小幅度变化，其中1992年的生态强度指数最大为2A1，1993年最小为1．98。研究时段内，耕地生态强度指数均大于1，说明湖北省的耕地出于生态高负荷状态。     

江苏省耕地资源可持续利用研究

对江苏省耕地资源在数量、质量两方面的历年动态变化进行了系统分析，对该省耕地资源存在的数量减少、质量恶化的原因和实现其可持续利用的建议和对策等进行了探讨。     

广东省耕地后备资源开发利用潜力分析

本文利用“广东省耕地后备资源调查评价”的工作成果，详细分析了广东近期内可供开发利用的耕地后备资源的潜力和利用方向，并从地理优势和经济优势以及经验优势几个方面对开发利用的可行性进行探讨。     

东部沿海快速发展区耕地变化及影响因素分析——以山东青岛平度市为例

本文以山东省面积最大的县(市、区)青岛平度市为例,基于1990年至2008年18年间的土地调查数据,分析了自1990年以来耕地变化趋势,并通过研究耕地变化与其它地类变化之间的相互关系,分析了耕地变化的直接影响因素。     

耕地质量监测预警研究进展

耕地质量是人类社会赖以生存与发展的物质基础,是农业发展的基本生产资料。为发挥监测预警体系在耕地质量建设中的主体作用,实现耕地质量的可持续利用,本文采用文献综述法和系统分析法综述了耕地质量监测和预警体系在国内外的研究进展,并着重对时间序列分析模型、灰色预测模型和回归分析模型三种耕地质量预警模型进行阐述。耕地质量监测预警体系具有实时、动态、全方位的监测与预警功能,对监测预警指标体系、方法、周期、模型和理论实践探究还需要进一步完善,同时还需要借助应用大数据,以期为耕地质量精准化监测预警提供实时的数据及模型支持服务。